10th Class Biology Chapter 1 Urdu Medium

Complete Notes on 10th Class Biology Chapter 1 Urdu Medium written by Honorable Mr. Zahid Khan Suib. These computerized notes are very helpful in the preparation of Gaseous Exchange as form of 10th Class Biology Chapter 1 Urdu Medium for students of the 10th class Biology and these are according to the paper patterns of all Punjab boards.

• Here are the detailed biology class 10 chapter 1 test urdu medium to help you prepare for your exams.
• Important Multiple Choice Questions ( MCQs ) with correct Answers of Chapter No. 10: Gaseous Exchange in Biology class 10th Urdu Medium.
• Important Short Questions with Correct Answers of Chapter No. 10: Gaseous Exchange in Biology class 10th Urdu Medium.
• In aerobic respiration, oxygen is used and there is complete oxidation of the food material. Carbon dioxide and water are also produced in this process. Organisms get the oxygen, needed for cellular respiration, from their environment and provide it to their cells. The carbon dioxide produced during cellular respiration is taken out of the cells and ultimately from the body. Taking in oxygen and giving out of carbon dioxide is termed as gaseous exchange. The term breathing is used for the process through which animals take air in their bodies to get oxygen from it and then give out the air for getting rid of carbon dioxide. Thus breathing and respiration are not synonymous. Respiration involves the mechanical and the bio-chemical processes whereas breathing is only the mechanical or physical process of exchange of gases. In this chapter we will go through the mechanisms of gaseous exchange in plants and in humans.
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• Gaseous Exchange In Plants: Plants have no organs or systems for the exchange of gases with the environment. Every cell of the plant body exchanges gases with the environment by its own. The leaves and young stems have stomata in their epidermis. The gaseous exchange occurs through these stomata. The inner cells of leaves (mesophyll) and stems also have air spaces among them, which help in the exchange of gases. 
• Leaf cells face two situations. During the daytime when the mesophyll cells of leaves are carrying out photosynthesis and respiration side by side, the oxygen produced in photosynthesis is utilized in cellular respiration. Similarly the carbon dioxide produced during cellular respiration is utilized in photosynthesis. However, during night when there is no photosynthesis occurring, the leaf cells get oxygen from the environment and release carbon dioxide through stomata. 
• In woody stems and mature roots, the entire surface is covered by bark which is impervious to gases or water. However, there are certain pores in the layer of bark. These are called the lenticels. The lenticels allow air to pass through them. Gases diffuse in and out of the general surface of the young roots. The gases are found in the soil surrounding the roots. The aquatic plants get the oxygen dissolved in water and release carbon dioxide in the water.
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• Gaseous Exchange In Humans: In humans and other higher animals the exchange of gases is carried out by the respiratory system. We can divide the respiratory system in two parts i.e. the air passageway and the lungs. 
• The Air Passageway: The air passageway consists of the parts through which the outside air comes in the lungs and after the exchange of gases it goes out. This passage of air consists of the following parts. The nose encloses the nasal cavity. It opens to the outside through the openings called the nostrils. The nasal cavity is divided into two portions by a wall. Each portion is lined by fine hairs and mucous which filter the dust particles from the air. The mucous also moistens and warms the incoming air and keeps its temperature nearly equal to that of the body.
• The nasal cavity opens into the pharynx by means of two small openings called internal nostrils. Pharynx is a muscular passage and is common to both food and air. It extends to the opening of the oesophagus and the larynx. The air goes from the pharynx into the larynx. We know that glottis is a narrow opening at the floor of pharynx which leads into larynx.