Salt Analysis Experiment Class 12

• Important Salt Analysis Experiment for intermediate part - II students.
• Acid Radicals,  Basic Radicals
• Preparation of original solution for basic Radicals
• Important class 12 chemistry practical salt analysis for intermediate part - II students.
• Preliminary Examination of the salt
• Dry Test
• Important 12th chemistry salt analysis pdf for intermediate part - II students.
• All Experiments of the Salt Analysis in Chemistry.
• QUALITATIVESALT ANALYSIS: It is the analysis which involves the detection, identification and confirmation of the radicals present in a salt.
• Important chemistry class 12 salt analysis for intermediate part - II students.
• SALT:  It is an ionic compound which is formed by the neutralization (other than water) of an acid with a base. 
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• Base NaOH +  Acid HCI → Salt NaCl + Water H2O. A salt is made up of two parts.
• (i) Acid Radical:  The part of a salt which comes from an acid during neutralization is called acid radical. Acid radicals bear negative charge e.g., CO2- 3, CI1-, CH3, COO1-, SO2- 4. ( H is also an acid radical but it bears positive charge)
• Important chemistry practical class 12 salt analysis for intermediate part - II students.
• (ii) Basic Radical: The part of a salt bearing positive charge and which comes from a base during neutralization is called a basic radical. Basic radicals are usually metal cations. e.g., Ca2+, Na+, K+, Al3+ ( NH4+, is a basic radical but it is not a metal cation ).
• Important chemistry salt analysis class 12 for intermediate part - II students.
• DRYTEST: The test which is directly performed with a dry salt without making its solution is called a dry test. e.g., Flame test, Borax bead test, Filter ash test etc.
• Important chemistry salt analysis class 12 pdf for intermediate part - II students.
• WETTEST: A test, performed with the solution of a salt is called we test. e.g., Ring test, Lake test, Layer test etc. For salt analysis, radicals are divided into six basic groups and three acidic groups. 
• Important salt analysis class 12 practical for intermediate part - II students.
• BASIC RADICALS: Group-1: Silver  (Ag1+ ), Plumbous ( Pb2+ ), Mercurous ( Hg2+ ).
• Group-II: Cupric ( Cu2+ ), Cadmium (Cd2+), Lead  (Pb2+), Mercuric (Hg2+), Bismith (Bi3+ ), Arsenic ( As3+ ), Antimony ( Sb3+ ), Tin ( Sn2+ ).
• Important salt analysis class 12 practical pdf for intermediate part - II students.
• Group-III: Aminium ( Al3+ ), Ferrous ( Fe2+ ), Ferric ( Fe3+ ), Chromium ( Cr3+ ).
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• Group-IV: Nickel ( Ni2+ ), Cobalt ( Co2+ ), Zinc ( Zn2+ ), Manganese ( Mn2+ ).
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• Group-V: Barium ( Ba2+ ), Strontium ( Sr2+ ), Calcium ( Ca2+ ).
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• Group-VI: Magnesium ( Mg2+ ), Sodium ( Na+ ), Potasium ( K+ ), Ammonium (NH4+).
• Important ammonium acetate salt analysis class 12 for intermediate part - II students.
• TOTAL NUMBER OF BASIC RADICALS: Group - l =  3 radicals, Group - ll =  8 radicals, Group - lll =  3 radicals, Group - lv =  4 radicals, Group - lv =  3 radicals, Group - vl =  4 radicals, Total  =  25 radicals
• Important ammonium carbonate salt analysis class 12 for intermediate part - II students.
• ACID RADICALS: (i) Dilute Acid Group: Carbonate ( CO3 2- ), Bicarbonate ( HCO3 1- ), Nitrite ( NO3 1- ), Sulphide (S2-), Sulphite (SO3 2-), Thiosulphate S2 O3 2-
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• (ii) Concentrated H2SO4 Group: Chloride ( Cl- ), Bromide ( Br- ), Iodide ( I- ), Nitrate (NO3 1-, Acetate ( CH3COO1- ), Oxalate ( C2O4 2- )
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• (iii) Special Group: Sulphate ( SO4 2- ), Phosphate ( PO4 3- )
• Important lead acetate salt analysis practical class 12 for intermediate part - II students.
• TOTAL NUMBER OF ACID : Dilute acid group = 6 radicals,  Concentrated H2SO4 group = 6 radicals, Special group = 2 radicals.   Total = 14 radicals
• Important ammonium chloride salt analysis practical class 12 for intermediate part - II students.
• Acid Radicals: All acid radicals are detected by dry tests except sulphate ( SO4 2- ) and phosphate ( PO4 3- ) of special group.
• Important ammonium oxalate salt analysis class 12 for intermediate part - II students.
• Detection of Radicals of Dilute Acid Group: Radicals of dilute acid group are detected by treating the salt with dilute H2SO4 or dil. HCI.
• Important ammonium sulphate salt analysis class 12 for intermediate part - II students.
• Detection of Radicals of Concentrated H2SO4 Group: Radicals of concentrated H2SO4 group are detected by treating the salt with concentrated H2SO4 and heat.
• Important barium chloride salt analysis class 12 for intermediate part - II students.
• Detection of Special Group Radicals: Radicals of special group cannot be detected by dry tests. BaCl2 + Conc. HCl solution is used to detect and differentiate between SO4 2- and PO4 3- .
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• (1) Dilute Acid: CO3 2-, HCO3 1-, NO2 1-, S2-, SO3 2-, S2O3 2-
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• (2) Cone H2SO4 Group: Cl1-, Br1-, l1-, NO3 1-, CH3COO1-, C2O4 2-
• Important calcium carbonate salt analysis class 12 for intermediate part - II students.
• (3) Special Group: SO4 2- , PO4 3- 
• Important lead acetate salt analysis class 12 for intermediate part - II students.