Pakistan Studies Class 9 Chapter 3 Notes
Important Pakistan Studies Class 9 Chapter 3 Notes Land and Environment English medium written by Sir Nawab Khan Suib. These computerized questions with their answers are very helpful in the preparation of Pakistan Studies Class 9 Chapter 3 Notes for the students of the 9th class English medium and these are according to the paper patterns of all Punjab boards.
Summary and Contents:
Topics which are discussed in the notes are given below:
- Important Multiple Choice Questions and Short Questions of Land and Environment class 9 from previous years past papers of all Punjab Boards.
- Physical Features of Pakistan: In terms of physical features, Pakistan is divided into three major areas; 1. Mountain Ranges. 2. Plain Areas. 3. Plateaus.
- 1. Mountain Ranges: The part of the earth that is higher than the surface of the earth, has sloping sides around it, with rocky and uneven surface, is called a mountain. Pakistan has world's highest mountain ranges. Their division is as under:
- (i) Northern Mountain Ranges:
- The Himalayas and the Karakoram mountains are located in these mountain ranges.
- Karakoram Range: This mountain range is located in the north of Pakistan. The world's second highest mountain peak K - 2 is located in the same mountain range, that is 8611 metres above sea level. The average height of the Karakoram range is 7000 metres. The rugged peaks of this range remain covered with snow all the year round. The world's highest passes such as Khunjrab and Shandoor are situated in this mountain range. Hunza and Gilgit etc. are beautiful valleys. With the on set of the summer season, life returns with full swing in these valleys. This mountain range lies between Pakistan and China.
- Himalayan Range: The great Himalayan mountain range that is located South of Karakoram lies in the north of South Asia stretching from west to south-east with considerable east-west spread. The western part of this range is located in Pakistan. Its average height is 1000 metres to 6500 metres which includes hills of the Siwalik, the Lesser Himalayan mountain and the Greater Himalayan mountain. The highest peak of this range is Nanga Parbat, which is 8126 metres above sea level.
- (ii) North Western Mountain Range:
- Hindukush Range: The Hindukush range is located in the north western part of Pakistan stretching from north to south. This mountain extends from Pamir plateau to river Kabul. This mountain range is mostly located in Afghanistan. Tirchmir is the highest peak of Hindukush, which is about 7690 metres high. The valleys of Chitral, Swat, and Dir are located in this mountain range.
- (iii) Western Mountain Ranges:
- Koh-e-sufaid: Koh-e-Sufaid lies to the south of river Kabul and is spread in east-west direction. The average height of this mountain range is 3600 metres. Khayber pass lies to the north of Koh-e-Sufaid. Khayber pass is a historical passage between Pakistan and Afghanistan, which is about 53km long. River Kurram flows in the south of the Koh-e-Sufaid.
- Waziristan Hills: Kohat and Waziristan hills are located in the south of Koh-e-Sufaid. These are different hill ranges. The Kurram, Tochi and Gomal are important passes of these hills. These hill ranges located between river Kurram and Gomal stretch from the north to south. River Tochi is another important river of these hill ranges. The valleys of these rivers are important passes for development of trade and cultural ties between Pakistan and Afghanistan. In the south of Waziristan hills lies Toba Kakar range near Afghanistan border.
- Koh-e-Sulaiman: Gomal River Koh-e-Sulaiman extends from north to south in the south of Waziristan hills. This mountain is situated in the middle of Pakistan. The highest peak of this range is Takht-e-Sulaiman, which is 3379 metres above sea level. River Bolan is an important river of this range. In the south of Koh-e-Sulaiman range there are Bugti and Marri hills. The Bolan Pass is located in the same mountain range.