Class 9 Biology Chapter 2 pdf Notes English Medium
Important Notes of Class 9 Biology Chapter 2 pdf Notes English Medium written by Honorable Sir Adnan Haider Suib. These notes are very helpful in the preparation of Solving a Biological Problem 9th Class Notes for students of the 9th class Biology English Medium and these are according to the paper patterns of all Punjab boards.
Summary and Contents:
Topics which are discussed in the notes are given below:
- Very Important Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) of Chapter No.2 Introduction to Biology English Medium.
- What is meant by biological problem? Give an example.
- “Man has always been a biologist”. Justify the statement.
- What is a Biological Method? Give its significance also.
- Write down names of different steps involved in solving biological problem.
- Differentiate between scientific method and biological method.
- How observations are made in biological method?
- Define observation. How many types of it are there?
- Differentiate between qualitative and quantitative observations.
- Write down four names of sense organs of human.
- Define Hypothesis. Describe its role.
- How is Hypothesis formulated?
- Describe any four properties of a good hypothesis.
- How deductions are formed? Give an example.
- What is meant by Deduction? Write down two words used for "Deduction".
- Write down two controls of malaria.
- Write the role of control group in experiments.
- What is difference between experimental group and control group?
- What is meant by reporting of results?
- Describe the meaning of words "mala" and "aria".
- What were the major observations of Malaria in the last part of 19th century?
- Write contribution of French Army Doctor Laveran.
- Describe two important observations of A.F.A King about malaria.
- Why Ronald Ross used sparrow in his experiment?
- What is an incubation period?
- Why Culex and Anopheles Mosquitoes are well known?
- Why do we do itching after biting mosquito? OR
Why do the welts appear after mosquito bites or leaves the skin?
- Why female mosquito before drawing blood injects saliva in the body?
- How a theory is formulated?
- What is meant by productive theory?
- What is difference between theory and law?
- What is the difference between ratio and proportion?
- Define bioinformatics and describe role of mathematics in biological method.
- Describe importance of data analysis in biological method.
- Important long questions of Chapter No.2 Introduction to Biology English Medium.
- Deductions: In the next step, biologist draws deductions from hypotheses. Deductions are the logical consequences of hypotheses. For this purpose, a hypothesis is taken as true and expected results (deductions) are drawn from it. Generally in biological method, if a particular hypothesis is true then one should expect (deduction) a certain result. This involves the use of “if-then” logic.
- Experimentation: The most basic step of biological method is experimentation. Biologist performs experiments to see if hypotheses are true or not. The deductions, which are drawn from hypotheses, are subjected to rigorous testing. Through experimentations, biologist learns which hypothesis is correct. The incorrect hypotheses are rejected and the one which proves correct is accepted. An accepted hypothesis makes further predictions that provide an important way to further test its validity.
- Summarization of results: Biologist gathers actual, quantitative data from experiments. Data for each of the groups are then
averaged and compared statistically. To draw conclusions, biologist also uses statistical analysis.
- What is “Control” in experiments? In science when doing the experiment, it must be a controlled experiment. The scientist must
contrast an “experimental group” with a “control group”. The two groups are treated exactly alike
except for the one variable being tested. For example, in an experiment to test the necessity of
carbon dioxide for photosynthesis, one can contrast the control group (a plant with freely available
carbon dioxide) with an experimental group (a plant with no carbon dioxide available). The necessity
of carbon dioxide will be proved when photosynthesis occurs in the control group and does not
occur in the experimental group.