Class 11th Chemistry Chapter 11 Notes

• Here are the detailed Class 11th Chemistry Chapter 11 Notes to help you prepare for your exams.
• Define reaction kinetics.
• Define rate of reaction.
• Define average rate of reaction and instantaneous rate of reaction.
• Define specific rate constant or velocity constant.
• Define order of reaction. Give an example.
• Hydrolysis of tertiary butyl bromide is a pseudo first order reaction. Justify.
• Define half-life period. Give an example.
• How radioactive decay is a first order reaction?
• Half-life period of first order reaction is independent of the initial concentration of reactant. Justify.
• What is the relation between half-life period and order of reaction?  
• Name the physical methods used to determine rate of reaction.
• Define Activated Complex. Give an example: Activated complex is an unstable combination of all the atoms involved in the reaction for which the energy is maximum. It is a short lived species and decomposes into the products immediately. It has a transient existence that is why it is also called a transition state.  
• Draw potential energy diagram for exothermic and endothermic reaction: The potential energy diagram can be used to study the heat evolved or absorbed during the reaction. For exothermic reactions, the products are at a lower energy level than the reactantsand the decrease in potential energy appears as increase in kinetic energy of the products. For endothermic reactions, the products are at higher energy level than the reactants and for such reactions a continuous source of energy is needed to complete the reaction.
• Mention methods to find order of reaction. 
• Explain half-life method
• What is meant by method of large excess? Explain: In this method, one of the reactants is taken in a very small amount as compared to the rest of the reactants. The active masses of the substances in large excess remain constant throughout. That substance taken in small amount controls the rate and the order is noted with respect to that. The reason is that a small change in concentration of a substance taken in very small amount affects the value of rate more appreciably. The hydrolysis of ethyl acetate as mentioned earlier shows that water being in large excess does not determine the order. In this way, the reaction is repeated by taking rest of the substances in small amounts one by one and overall order is calculated.
• Mention factors affecting rate of reaction. 
• How activation energy, temperature and rate of reaction are related? 
• What is the effect of nature of reactants on rate of reaction?
• What is the effect of surface area on rate of reaction?
• What is the effect of light on rate of reaction?
• What is the effect of concentration of reactants on rate of reaction? 
• How the effect of concentration of reactants on rate of reaction can be expressed mathematically?
• what is the effect of temperature on rate of reaction?
• What happens to the rate of chemical reaction with the passage of time? 
• Define with example second order reaction?
• How does a catalyst affect a reversible reaction? OR Equilibrium constant is not changed in the presence of a catalyst.
• Does the physical state of a catalyst changes at the end of reaction? 
• A very small amount of catalyst may prove sufficient for a reaction. Justify.
• How enthalpy change of a reaction and energy of activation are distinguished?
• Define and give an example of the process of activation of a catalyst. 
• Define catalyst. Give an example. 
• Define homogeneous catalysis. Give an example.
• Define heterogeneous catalysis. Give an example. 
• differentiate between homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis. Give two examples. 
• What is catalytic poisoning? Give two examples.
• Define autocatalyst. Give an example. 
• What are enzymes? How they act as catalysts?
• Mention the characteristics of enzyme catalysis. (Mention any two as answer to short question) 
• Mention the characteristics of a catalyst (Mention any two as answer to short question)
• Enzymes are specific in action. Justify. 
• Differentiate between rate and rate constant of reaction? 
• Explain that the half-life method for measurement of the order of a reaction can help us to measure the order of even those reactions which have a fractional order.
• A finely divided catalyst may prove more effective. Justify.