Class 10 English Chapter 4 Notes

Important Class 10 English Chapter 4 Notes by Mr. Tayyab Shahzad Suib. These computerized notes are very helpful in the preparation of the English Compulsory for students and these are according to the paper patterns of all Punjab boards.

• Here are the detailed Class 10 English Chapter 4 Notes to help you prepare for your exams.
• We all need help at times in our lives. Sometimes we may have accidents and we may get hurt. When we are injured or suddenly become unwell, we need someone to help us someone who knows what to do. It is the temporary and immediate help. This timely assistance, comprising simple medical techniques, is most critical to the victims and is, often, life saving. Any lay person can be trained to administer first aid. This First Aid can be carried out using minimal equipment. First aid knowledge ranges from taking care of cuts to deal with an unconscious victim.
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• CUTS AND SCRAPES: Handling minor accidents at home or on the road develops a sense of crisis management. This may prepare people to tackle with unexpected emergencies with great confidence. Minor cuts and scrapes usually do not need to go to the emergency room. Yet proper care is essential to avoid infection or other complications. Following guidelines can help you to handle crisis and take care of all.
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• Stop the bleeding: Minor cuts and scrapes usually stop bleeding on their own. If they don't, apply gentle pressure with a clean cloth or bandage. Hold the pressure continuously for 20 to 30 seconds and if possible elevate the wound. Don't keep checking to see if the bleeding has stopped because this may damage or dislodge the clot that is forming and cause bleeding to resume. If blood spurts or continues flowing after continuous pressure, seek medical assistance.
• Clean the wound: Rinse out the wound with clean water. To clean the area around the wound, use soap and a washcloth. But soap can irritate the wound, so try to keep it out of the actual wound. If dirt or debris remains in the wound after washing, use tweezers cleaned with alcohol to remove the particles. If debris still remains, see your doctor. Thorough cleaning reduces the risk of infection and tetanus.
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• Apply an antibiotic: After you clean the wound, apply a thin layer of an antibiotic cream or ointment to help keep the surface moist. The products don't make the wound heal faster, but they can help your body's natural healing process work fast. Certain ingredients in some ointments can cause a mild rash in some people. If a rash appears, stop using the ointment.
• Cover the wound: Bandages can help keep the wound clean and keep harmful bacteria out. After the wound has healed enough to make infection unlikely, exposure to the air will speed wound healing.
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• Change the dressing: Change the dressing at least daily or whenever it becomes wet or dirty. If you are allergic to the adhesive used in most bandages, switch to adhesive-free dressings or sterile gauze held in place with paper tape, gauze roll or a loosely applied elastic bandage. These supplies generally are available at pharmacies.
• Watch for signs of infection: See your doctor if the wound is not healing or you notice any redness, increasing pain, drainage, warmth or swelling.
• FIRST AID KIT: Every office, factory, home and school should have an accessible first-aid box with the following recommended basic contents:
• First Aid Book: Clearly explains how to handle the basic problems.
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• Band-aids (Plasters): Band aids or Sticking plasters are good for dressing small wounds. They come in all shapes and sizes for fingers, legs, and anywhere else you might get little cuts. Make sure the Band aid is big enough to cover the wound, if not you should use a dressing instead.
• Elastic Bandages: The elastic bandages are good for wrapping sprained joints or making a sling in the case of a broken arm.
• Gauze and Adhesive Tape: Gauze pads or rolls are cloth pads that are placed directly on a wound to protect and control bleeding (for larger cuts and scrapes). You will need adhesive tape to keep the gauze in place. In an emergency, a clean cloth, hand towel, clean tee-shirt can be used to cover the wound.
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• Theme: First Aid means responding to an emergency situation. Accidents happen always unexpectedly. But a life can be saved by having a basic knowledge of what to do in emergency and knowing proper first aid procedures. Basic training in first aid skills should be taught in schools, in work places and, in general, be learnt by all, as it is mandatory to our modern and stressful life.
• Important Questions of First Aid
• You should not keep checking if the bleeding has stopped? Why?
• Why is it necessary to keep away soap from the wound?
• How is an antibiotic cream or ointment good in healing the wound?
• What should you do if you are allergic to adhesive material used in most bandages?
• When do you need to see a doctor?
• What should your first aid kit consist of?
• What is the importance of knowledge of 'First Aid' in crisis management?