class 10 chemistry chapter 1 important question

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• Important Multiple Choice Questions of Chapter Number 9: Chemical Equilibrium of Chemistry class 10th Urdu Medium.
• Important Short Questions of Chapter Number 9: Chemical Equilibrium of Chemistry class 10th Urdu Medium.
• In a reversible reaction, dynamic equilibrium is established before the completion of reaction. It is represented graphically.
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• At initial stage, the rate of forward reaction is very fast and reverse reaction is taking place at a negligible rate. But gradually forward reaction slows down and reverse reaction speeds up. Eventually, both reactions attain the same rate, it is called a dynamic equilibrium state.
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• Macroscopic characteristics of forward and reverse:
• Forward Reaction: It is a reaction in which reactants react to form products. It takes place from left to right. At initial stage, the rate of forward reaction is very fast. It slows down gradually.
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• Reverse Reaction: It is a reaction in which products react to produce reactants. It takes place from right to left. In the beginning, the rate of reverse reaction is negligible. It speeds up gradually.
• Macroscopic characteristics of dynamic equilibrium:
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• A few important characteristic features of dynamic equilibrium are given below:
• An equilibrium is achievable only in a closed system (in which substances can neither leave nor enter).
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• At equilibrium state, a reaction does not stop. Forward and reverse reactions keep on taking place at the same rate but in opposite direction.
• At equilibrium state, the amount (concentration) of reactants and products do not change. Even physical properties like colour, density, etc. remain the same.
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• An equilibrium state is attainable from either way, i.e. starting from reactants or from products.
• An equilibrium state can be disturbed and again achieved under the given conditions of concentration, pressure and temperature.
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• LAW OF MASS ACTION: Guldberg and Waage in 1869 put forward this law. According to this law “The rate at which a substance reacts is directly proportional to its active mass and the rate of a reaction is directly proportional to the product of the active masses of the reacting substances”. Generally, an active mass is considered as the molar concentration having units of mol dm-3, expressed as square brackets [ ].
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• Derivation of the Expression for Equilibrium Constant for General Reaction:
• Let us apply the law of Mass Action for a general reaction.
• What are irreversible reactions? Give a few characteristics of them?
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• This reaction consists of two reactions; forward and reverse reactions. According to this law, :the rate of a chemical reaction is directly proportional to the product of the molar concentrations of its reactants raised to power equal to their number of moles in the balanced chemical equation of the reaction". Let us first discuss the forward reaction. A and B are the reactants whereas ‘a’ and ‘b’ are their number of moles. The rate of forward reaction according to law of Mass Action is:
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• EQUILIBRIUM CONSTANT AND ITS UNITS: Equilibrium constant is a ratio of the product of concentration of products raised to the power of coefficient to the product of concentration of reactants raised to the power of coefficient as expressed in the balanced chemical equation.
• Define chemical equilibrium state.
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• Give the characteristics of reversible reaction.
• How is dynamic equilibrium established?
• Why at equilibrium state reaction does not stop?
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• Why is equilibrium state attainable from either way?
• What is relationship between active mass and rate of reaction?
• Derive equilibrium constant expression for the synthesis of ammonia from nitrogen and hydrogen.
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• Why reversible reactions never complete?
• What is a static equilibrium, explain with an example.
• Why the amounts of reactants and products do not change in a reversible reaction.
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