Chemistry Short Notes Class 12

• Important class 12th chemistry short notes for Intermediate part-II students.
• Give two defects of Mendeleev’s periodic table.
• Give four improvements made in Mendeleev’s periodic law.
• Define Periodic table. How many groups and periods are in it?
• Important 12th chemistry short notes for Intermediate part-II students.
• Why ionic radii of negative ions are larger than parent atoms? 
• Why ionic radii of positive ions are smaller than parent atoms?
• What is the trend of atomic radius in the periodic table?
• Important 12th chemistry short notes pdf download for Intermediate part-II students.
• Define ionization energy. 
• Discuss the trend of ionization energy in the periodic table.
• Define electron affinity. 
• What is the trend of electron affinity in the periodic table?
• Important chemistry class 12 short notes for Intermediate part-II students.
• Why metallic character increases from top to bottom in a group of metals?
• Explain the variation in melting points along the short periods. 
• What is hydration energy? Give an example.
• Important chemistry class 12 short notes pdf for Intermediate part-II students.
• What is the trend of hydration energy in the periodic table?
• Why the oxidation states of noble gases are usually zero?
• Why diamond is a non-conductor and graphite fairly a good conductor of electricity? 
• Important class 12 chemistry short notes for Intermediate part-II students.
• Define halides.
• How are halides classified? 
• What is the trend of halides from left to right and top to bottom in the periodic table? 
• Important class 12 short notes chemistry for Intermediate part-II students.
• What are hydrides? 
• How hydrides are classified?
• What is the trend of hydrides from left to right in the periodic table?
• Important short notes chemistry class 12 for Intermediate part-II students.
• How oxides are classified?
• What are amphoteric oxides?
• What happens when acidic and basic oxides combine with each other? 
• Important short notes class 12 chemistry for Intermediate part-II students.
• Discuss position of hydrogen with respect to IA.
• Discuss position of hydrogen with respect to VIIA. 
• Discuss position of hydrogen with respect to IVA.
• Important short notes for chemistry class 12 for Intermediate part-II students.
• Give formulae of Natron and Halite.
• Give four points in which lithium differs from its own family members? 
• Give four reactions in which Lithium behaves differently from its own groups. 
• Important short notes of chapter solutions class 12 chemistry for Intermediate part-II students.
• Write two points of difference of Beryllium with its family members. 
• Prove that decomposition of lithium nitrate gives different products than nitrates of other alkali metals? 
• What happens when LiOH is heated to red hot?
• Important short notes of chemistry class 12 for Intermediate part-II students.
• Why KO2 is used in breathing equipment used by mountaineers and astronauts? 
• Why lime water turns milky by passing CO2 gas but becomes clear with excess of CO2?
• Why is the aqueous solution of Na2CO3 alkaline in nature?
• Important short notes of chemistry class 12 pdf for Intermediate part-II students.
• Give advantages of Down’s Cell.
• Give two major problems that may arise in Nelson’s cell.
• How gypsum is converted into Plaster of Paris?
• Important short notes of class 12 chemistry for Intermediate part-II students.
• Give two uses of Plaster of Paris. 
• Why 2% gypsum is added into the cement?
• Mention the types of Plaster. 
• What is lime mortar? How is it formed? 
• Important very short notes of chemistry class 12 for Intermediate part-II students.
• What is lime water and milk of magnesia? 
• How lime and sand are used to make glass?
• Write the formulas of borax, colemanite and bauxite.
• Important short notes on chemistry class 12 for Intermediate part-II students.
• Give four differences of boron from other elements of group IIIA.
• How would you prepare borax from colemanite?
• Explain chemistry of borax bead test.
• Important solutions class 12 chemistry short notes for Intermediate part-II students.
• Write four uses of borax. 
• Why aqueous solution of borax is alkaline?
• Write the formulae of four boric acids.
• How will you convert boric acid into borax and vice versa? 
• Important class 12 chemistry short notes pdf for Intermediate part-II students.
• Write the reactions of boric acid with i. Ethyl alcohol ii. Sodium hydroxide. 
• Write any four uses of aluminium. 
• Give two similarities between carbon and silicon. 
• How sodium silicate is prepared?
• Why liquid silicones are preferred over ordinary organic lubricants?
• Important organic chemistry class 12 short notes for Intermediate part-II students.
• Define semiconductor. Write its properties. 
• Give uses of lead suboxide. 
• Write four differences of nitrogen from its family.
• Draw structural formulas of dinitrogen pentoxide and dinitrogen oxide.
• What happens when NO2 is dissolved in water? 
• Give two reactions which show oxidizing behaviour of NO. 
• Describe Ring test for the confirmation of presence of nitrate ions in the solution. 
• Write two reactions of preparation of nitrous acid. 
• Write any four uses of Nitric acid.
• Give the names of four elements which do not react with nitric acid. 
• How does P2O5 react with water in cold and hot state?
• Give two methods for the preparation of PCl3
• P2O5 is powerful dehydrating agent. Give two examples.  
• What is the action of heat on orthophosphoric acid? Write chemical equation also. 
• Give the reactions of phosphorous with: a. Thionyl chloride b. Cl2 gas a. Thionyl chloride 
• Name three allotropic forms of phosphorus. How red phosphorous is prepared? 
• Why the elements of VIA other than oxygen show more than two oxidation states?
• Write two similarities and two dissimilarities of oxygen and Sulphur.
• Justify that sulphuric acid is king of chemicals.
• Write down two chemical reactions which show that sulphuric acid is a dehydrating agent?
• Why iodine has metallic luster? 
• Give peculiar behaviour of fluorine. 
• Oxidizing power of halogens depends on which factors? 
• How halogen acids are ionized in water? 
• What is disproportionation reaction. Give an example. 
• What is meant by outer transition metals and inner transition metals?
• Why d and f block elements are called transition elements? 
• What are coinage metals?    
• What are typical and non-typical transition elements?
• Define Paramagnetism, diamagnetism and Ferromagnetism.
• Why transition elements have variable oxidation states?
• What are chelates? Give an example.