Ch 1 CS Class 11

Important Easy Notes of Computer Science of Basic Concepts of Information Technology Ch 1 CS Class 11 written by Professor Mr. Syed Werasat Hussain Hashmi Suib. These notes are very helpful in the preparation of Computer Science for students of the 11th class and these are according to the paper patterns of all Sindh Book Boards.

Summary and Contents:
Topics which are discussed in the notes are given below:
  • Derive and Define Computer
  • Definition of Computer Science
  • Definition of Information Technology
  • Characteristics of a Computer
  • What is Speed
  • What is Accuracy
  • What is Memory
  • What is Artificial Intelligence
  • What is Self-Checking
  • What is Self-Operating
  • Disadvantages / Limitations of a Computer: Human Dependent.
  • The Computer System
  • Elements of a Computer System
  • Hardware: a. Input hardware b. Processing hardware c. Output hardware d. Storage hardware e. Communication hardware
  • Input Hardware
  • Describe Keyboard and Alphanumeric Keypad and Numeric Keypad.
  • function keys keyboard
  • Screen Navigation or Cursor Movement Keys
  • There are four arrow keys to change arrow position. These keys are right, left, up and down keys to more cursor from one place to another according to user.
  • Page-up key and page-Down keys
  • Definition of Modifier keys
  • Definition of Mouse and Structure and Trackball
  • Scanner:  Hand-Held scanner  Flatbed scanner  Sheet-Fed scanner
  • Describe Hand-Held Scanner, Flat-Bed Scanner and Sheet-Fed Scanner
  • Describe Joystick is also a pointing device
  • Describe Light sensitive, or pen-like device
  • Describe Microphone or MIC
  • Describe Digital Camera
  • Describe digitizing tablet, or digitizer
  • Describe  processing hardware
  • Describe  Internal Architecture of the Processing Unit
  • What is Central Processing Unit (CPU)
  • What is Control Unit, CU
  • What is Arithmetic and Logic Unit, ALU
  • Main Memory is the primary storage medium
  • What is IO (Input / Output) Module
  • Instruction Processing: (i) Machine Cycle (ii) Instruction Cycle (iii) Fetch Cycle (iv) Execute Cycle
  • Memory Capacity
  • Representation of Data and Programs
  • Binary Coding Schemes:
  • ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange)
  • EBCDIC (Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code)
  • UNICODE (Universal Code, Universal Character Set)
  • The Power of Personal Computer
  • The System Cabinet/Unit
  • The Power Supply: (a)  Surge Protectors (b) Voltage Regulators (c) UPS (Uninterruptible Power Supply).
  • The Motherboard: The motherboard or system board is the main circuit board in the system unit. It contains the microprocessor, RAM chips, ROM chips and some sockets called expansion slots where Mother Board showing above mentioned details.
  • The Microprocessor Chip:  Made by Intel  Made by Motorola
  • RAM (Random Access Memory) chips
  • SRAMs – Static RAMs and DRAMs – Dynamic RAMs
  •  PROM (Programmable Read-Only Memory)
  • EPROM (Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory) 
  • EEPROM (Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory)
  •  Output Hardware, Softcopy Output and Hardcopy Output
  • Monitor is the most common and most basic softcopy device
  • Structure Monitors are divide into two types  CRT monitors  Flat-Panel display. OR LCD (Liquid crystal display) monitors.
  • Describe CRT Monitors
  • Describe Flat- Panel Display
  • Describe By Color:  Monochrome monitors  Gray-scale monitors.  Color monitors.
  • Describe Monochrome Monitors
  • Describe Gray-Scale Monitor
  • Describe Color Monitors
  • Properties of a Monitor Screen
  • Describe  printer 
  • Describe  Important Printer  Non-impact printers
  • Describe Impact Printers:  Daisy-Wheel  Dot-matrix  Line printers
  • Describe  Daisy-Wheel
  • Describe  Dot-matrix
  • Describe  Line printers
  • Describe  Non – Impact Printers:  Ink jet printers  Laser printers  LCD and LED printers  Thermal printers
  • Describe  Ink jet printers
  • Describe  Laser printers
  • Describe  LCD and LED printers
  • Describe  Thermal printers
  • Characteristics of a Printer: Basic characteristics of a printer are  Quality of print  Speed  Graphics  Fonts  Color
  • Describe  Quality of print
  • Describe  Plotters:  Pen plotters  Electrostatic plotters
  • Describe  Pen plotters:  Drum plotters  Flatbed plotters
  • Describe  Drum plotters
  • Describe  Flatbed plotters
  • Describe  Electrostatic Plotters.
  • Describe Sound Output Devices 
  • Describe Voice Output Devices 
  • Describe Computer Output Micro Film/Microfiche (Com) System
  • Describe Storage Hardware with Examples are Hard disks, floppy disks, Compact Disks (CDs), etc.
  • Describe Secondary Memory
  • Describe Floppy Disk
  • Describe Hard Disk
  • Describe Magnetic Tape
  • Difference Between Primary Memory & Secondary Memory
  • Optical Storage  CD – ROM  CR – R  CD – RW  DVD – ROM
  • Compact Disc Re – Writable (CD – RW)
  • Summary of Storage Devices: Magnetic disk Floppy disk, used for off-line storage Hard disk drive, used for secondary storage Magnetic tape data storage, used for tertiary and off-line storage
  • Summary of Optical Storage: CD, CD-ROM, DVD, BD-ROM, CD-R, DVD-R, DVD+R, BD-R and CD-RW, DVD-RW, DVD+RW, DVD-RAM, DB-RE.
  • Define  software and its Types a) Application Software b) System Software
  • Define Application Software
  • Define System Software
  • The components of System Software: There are three basic components of system software:  Operating System  Device drivers  Utility programs
  • Define The operating system (OS), also called the software platform:   Disk space  Memory  CPU time allocation &  Peripheral devices.
  • Tasks Performed B Operating System:  Booting  User Interface  CPU Management  Memory Management  File Management  Task Management  Formatting  Security Management.
  • Task Management:  Multitasking  Multiprogramming  Time-sharing  Multiprocessing.  
  • Describe Multitasking
  • Describe Multiprogramming
  • Describe Time-sharing
  • Describe Multiprocessing
  •  Common Operating Systems  Windows 3.x  Windows 9x  Windows NT/Windows 2000/ Windows Millennium  Windows Vista  OS/2 warp  UNIX  Linux (Developed by  Linus Torvalds in 1990 while he was a computer science students at Helsinki  University in Finland  Mac OS  Netware.
  • Describe Device Drivers: Running Peripheral Hardware
  • Describe Data/Information
  • Describe People / Personnel:  Computer operator  Programmer  System analyst.
  • Utilities: Service Programs
  • Machine Language (Low Level Language)
  • Very High Level Languages or 4GL’s
  • Natural Languages or  Languages or 5GL’s
  • Programming Language
  • Types of Language Translators:  Interpreter  Compiler  Assembler
  • Describe Interpreter
  • Describe Compiler
  • Describe Assembler
  • Generations of Computers:  First Generation (1940 – 1956)  Second Generation (1956 – 1963)  Third Generation (1965 – 1971)  Fourth Generation (1971– 1981)  Fifth Generation (1981 – Onward).
  • Describe and Explain First Generation (1940 – 1956)
  • Describe and Explain Second Generation (1956 – 1963)
  • Describe and Explain Third Generation (1965 – 1971)
  • Describe and Explain Fourth Generation (1971– 1981)
  • Describe and Explain Fifth Generation (1981 – Onward) 

    • Loading your document...

    Download PDF