Biology Class 11 Chapter 8 Notes

• Our comprehensive Biology Class 11 Chapter 8 Notes will ensure you're fully prepared for your exams.
• Important Multiple Choice Questions for MDCAT Preparation from the chapter no 8 Fungi class 11.
• What are Hyphae? What is the advantage of having incomplete septa?
• What is the composition of fungal cell wall and how it is this composition advantageous to fungi?
• To which phyla do the yeasts belong? How they differ from other fungi?
• Name sexual and asexual spores of ascomycetes.
• What are mycorrhizae?
• By what means can individuals in imperfect fungi be classified?
• Give a single characteristic that differentiates Zygomycota from Basidiomycota.
• Why is green mold more likely to contaminate an orange kept in refrigerator than the bacteria?
• What is a Fungus?
• State two paralleled characteristic of ascomycete and Basidiomycetes.
• Write two similarities and dissimilarities of plants with fungi?
• How fungi gets its nutrients?
• Differentiate between the members of Spore and Conidia.
• Differentiate between Lichen and Mycorrhizae.
• Differentiate between Rust and Smut.
• Differentiate between the members of Endomycorrhizae / Ectomycorrhizae.
• Differentiate between Coenocytes/ Non-septate Hyphae and Septate Hyphae.
• Differentiate between the members of Plasmogamy and Karyogamy.
• Differentiate between the members of Obligate parasite and Facultative parasite.
• Enlist four plant and four animal diseases caused by fungi.
• Name and write functions of any four antibiotics obtained from fungi.
• What is paraexuality?
• What are Lichens? Give their importance.
• Define nuclear mitosis in fungi.
• What is histoplasmosis and what is its cause?
• Name methods of Asexual Reproduction in Fungi.
• Name most commonly exploited yeast and explain the common method of sexual reproduction in yeast.
• What is budding in Fungi?
• What is Carnivorous fungus? Give example.
• What are Aflatoxins?
• What are saprotrophs?
• Give the causes and symptoms of Ergotism.
• How sexual reproduction occurs in zygomycota?
• write economic importance of Fungi.
• what are hyphae? What is the advantage of having incomplete septa? Ans. Hyphae: Mycelium consists of long slender, branched, tubular, thread like filaments called hyphae. • Hyphae spread extensively over the surface of substratum. • Their cell walls are composed of chitin, so their wall is highly resistant to decay. • Hyphae may be septate or non-septate. Advantage of having incomplete Septa: Cytoplasm flow from cell to cell, carrying the materials to growing tips and enabling the hyphae to grow rapidly when food and water are abundant and temperature is favorable.
• what are mycorrhizae? Ans: Mycorrhizae: Mycorrhizae are mutualistic association between certain fungi and roots of vascular plants. • The fungal hyphae dramatically increase the amount of soil contact and the total surface area for absorption and help in the direct absorption of phosphorus, zinc, copper and other nutrients from the soil into the roots. Such plants show better growth than those without this association. The plant, on the other hand, supplies organic carbon to fungal hyphae. 
• what is a fungus? Ans: Fungus: A fungus is eukaryotic heterotrophic, spore bearing usually filamentous plant like organisms without chlorophyll having also absorptive mode of nutrition. Yeasts are unicellular fungi.
• what are lichens? Give their importance. Ans: Lichens: Lichen is a mutualistic association between fungi and certain photoautotrophs like algae or blue, green algae. • Fungus protects the algae partner from strong light and desiccation and itself gets food through the courtesy of algae. • They are ecologically very important as bio indicators of air pollution. • These growing on,, rocks break them, setting stage for other organisms during the course of ecological succession. • Some fungi are also used for bioremediation (degrading removing environmental poisons/ pollutants by organisms).