Biology Class 11 Chapter 13 Notes

• Our comprehensive Biology Class 11 Chapter 13 Notes will ensure you're fully prepared for your exams.
• Important Multiple Choice Questions for MDCAT Preparation from the chapter no 13 Gaseous Exchange class 11.
• How does breathing differ from respiration?
• How much CO2 is present in venous and arterial blood?
• How does air always remain in the lungs of Human beings?
• What are the products which are produced during photorespiration?
• How much denser is a water medium than air medium for exchange of respiratory gases?
• Why air is better medium than water for the exchange of gases?
• Describe briefly as to how gaseous exchange takes place in plants.
• Define photo-respiration.
• How the rate of carbon dioxide fixation is lowered?
• What is Rubisco? What is its function?
• How glycolate is produced?
• What is glycine? How it is converted to serine?
• What are the properties of respiratory surfaces?
• If photorespiration is inhibited chemically, the plant can still grow. Then why does photorespiration exist?
• What are respiratory surfaces? What are respiratory.
• Differentiate between External respiration and Cellular respiration.
• Differentiate between Inspiration and Expiration.
• Differentiate between Pulmonary & Cutaneous Respiration?
• How skin is kept moist in earthworm?
• How much CO2 is present in venous and arterial blood?
• What are spiracles? How many pairs of spiracles are present in cockroach?
• What happens when abdominal muscles of cockroach expand and contract?
• What are gills?
• What is Operculum?
• What is diving reflex? Write down four changes which take place in the body of diving mammals
• when diving reflex is activated.
• How diving mammals differ from the other animals?
• What are parabronchi?
• Why respiration in birds is specialized than any other animal?
• What are air sacs?
• What air passage consists of? What is functional unit of lungs?
• What is the function of mucous membrane?
• Define the following terms Pharynxs, Larynxs, Glottis and Alveoli.
• What are vocal cords? What is their purpose?
• How food is prevented from going into respiratory track?
• What is trachea? What is the function of cartilage rings in trachea?
• What is the difference between Bronchi and Bronchioles?
• What are Diaphragm and Pleura?
• What are three aspects related to lungs and associated structures?
• Explain respiratory distress syndrome in premature infant.
• On which factors transport of gases depend?
• Differentiate between Haemoglobin and Myoglobin?
• What adaptations a diver adopt when he descends in the sea?
• What are important factors which affect capacity of haemoglobin to combine with oxygen gas?
• What is carboxyhaemoglobin? How much percentage of carbon dioxide is carried as carboxyhaemoglobin?
• How carbon dioxide is carried as bicarbonate ion?
• What is metastasis? What is malignant tumor? What is cancer?
• What is tuberculosis? How it is caused?
• What is asthma?
• Why there is an increased rate and depth of breathing during exercise?
• What is emphysema?
• Why the amount of oxygen increase in the blood of birds during gaseous exchange?
• What are the roles of nasal cavity?
• What are the various means of transport of CO2 in man?
• how does breathing differ from respiration? Ans: Respiration: Respiration is one of the most important metabolic activities of all organisms. Cellular respiration is the process whereby cell utilizes oxygen, produces carbon dioxide, extract and conserves the energy from food molecules in biologically useful form, such as ATP. Breathing: Organismic respiration is also known as breathing or ventilation. During which oxygen is taken from atmosphere and carbon dioxide is released. Breathing provides the basis of cellular respiration.
• Why air is better medium than water for the exchange of gases? Ans: Following are some reasons why air is better medium than water for exchange of gases: • The oxygen content of air is much higher than the oxygen content of the equal volume of water. A litter of water cannot contain even 10 ml of oxygen, whereas oxygen content to fresh air is about 200 ml per litter. • Oxygen diffuses about 8000 times more quickly in air than in water. So air is better medium for the exchange of gases. • Water is 8000 times denser than air. Therefore exchange of gases in water is very difficult than the exchange of gases in air. • Water is 50 times more viscous than the air. Therefore exchange of gases in water is very difficult than the exchange of gases in air. 
• what is rubisco? What is its function? Ans: Photorespiration is a process in which ribulose bisphosphate carboxylate/oxygenase (rubisco) fixes oxygen instead of carbon dioxide. function of rubisco: • The rubisco is a carboxylase as well as oxygenase. • When the rubisco act as carboxylase, it adds carbon dioxide to RuBP, which is an acceptor molecule. • On the other hand when rubisco is oxygenase, it adds oxyen to RuBP. Both these reaction complete with each other. • The first step of photorespiration durin which RuBP react with oxygen is carried out by Rubisco, the most abundant protein in chloroplasts and probably the most abundant protein in the world.