Bio Practical Book Class 11
Important very easy Bio Practical Book Class 11 written by Honorable Professor Sehar Mubeen. These experiments are very helpful in the preparation of the biology 11th practical book in Biology for the students and this is according to the Institute.
Summary and Contents:
Topics which are discussed in the notes are given below:
- (1) BIOCHEMISTRY:
- 1. Identification of biochemicals from biological materials.
- 2. Study of starch breakdown in germinating gram seeds.
- (2) ENZYME:
- 3. Study of effects of temperature, pH, enzyme and substrate conc on enzyme activity.
- (3) MICROBIOLOGY:
- 4. Laboratory safety techniques and use of microscope and measurement of microscopic objects by micrometry.
- 5. Microbiological techniques.
- 6. Study of animal and plants cells by staining with safranine, acid fuchsin, methylene blue and eosine.
- 7. To find out the effects of different concentrations of salt or sugar solutions on animal and plant cells.
- 8. Investigation of bacterial contents of fresh and stale milk.
- (4) ALGAE:
- 9. Study of nostoc from fresh material and prepared slides.
- 10. Identification of Chlorella, Paramecium, Amoeba, Entamoeba, Plasmodium, Euglena, Volvox, Ulothrix and Ulva from fresh material and prepared slide.
- (5) FUNGI:
- 11. Study of yeast, ustilago tritici and penicillium from fresh material and prepared slides.
- (6) KINGDOM PLANTAE:
- 12. (1) Bryophyta: Examination of Marchantia and Funaria (External morphology) from fresh materials and sex organs from prepared slides.
- 13. (II) Tracheophyta: Study of adiantum: study of sporophyte plant body, preparation of slide of sporangia study of prothallus from fresh or preserved material / slide.
- 14. Study of pinus male and female cones from fresh or
- 15A. Study of flower , 15B. Different types of Inflorescence.
- 16. Description of flower in technical terms.
- 17. Study of internal structure of monocot and dicot root, stem and leaf from prepared slides.
- (7) KINGDOM ANIMALIA:
- 18. General survey of animal kingdom (major phyla)
- (8) BIOENERGATICS:
- 19. Extraction and chromatography of leaf chloroplast pigments
- (9) DIGESTION:
- 20. Study of T.S. of liver; stomach, small and large intestine of man from prepared slides
- 21. Exposure of digestive systems of frog and cockroach.
- 22. Digestion of carbohydrates by enzyme in (saliva).
- (10) RESPIRATION:
- 23. Investigation of stomatal distribution.
- 24. Investigation of effects of different concentration of glucose on opening and closing of stomata.
- 25. Exposure of respiratory system of frog.
- (11) TRANSPORTATION: (1) In Plants , (II) In Animals
- 26. Demonstration of osmosis in living plant cells.
- 27. Determination of mean solute potential of the cell sap using method of incipient plasmolysis.
- 28. To investigate and measure factors affecting the rate of transpiration using potometer.
- 29. Study of prepared stained slide of human blood including identification of phagocytes and preparation of slides of blood smear of frog.
- 30. Study of structure of artery, vein and capillary from T.S of their prepared slides.
- 31. Study of effects of acetylcholine and adrenaline on the hearbeat of frog.
- 32. Exposure of blood circulatory system of frog (heart and main blood vessels).
- 33. Measurement of blood pressure during rest and after exercise with B.P apparatus.
- Muscle Nerve Preparation / Preparation of Gastroenemius (calf) muscle of pog.
- Place a on freshly pitched or chloroformed frog dissecting box.
- Remove the skin from leg. This can be done completely leg. easily if the skin is cut around the tigh of the frog The entire skin of leg be pulled off in you hand. the same then way that Place the frog dorsal side up on moist filler paper.
- keep the frog Saline. frog moist with physiological. Search lower the large calf muscle of leg.
- Run a a lovecep s muscle and blunt probe the end of between gastrocenimus the long bone of leg. Notice d the well runing along he marked upper leg. groove Sep de ale the musde of groove using on either side pair of preps.
- Expase nerve the faintly yellowish sciatic and reddish blood vessels. without touching or pell the nerve is pulling the nerve, muscle aside so that the exposed from a point mear the knee up the hip.
- the Using forceps, grasp nerve, on nerve the hip end of and witting across the the hip side of the forcepss gradually free the nerve point near the down to a knee goint. Lay leg. the free nerve on top of lower.