2nd Year Chemistry Chapter 11 Notes

• Important 2nd year chemistry chapter 11 mcqs for Intermediate part-II students.
• Why are alcohol, phenol and ether considered as derivatives of water? 
• How are alcohols classified?
• What are primary, secondary and tertiary alcohols?
• Important 2nd year chemistry chapter 11 solved exercise for Intermediate part-II students.
• What are monohydric alcohols?
• Write about industrial preparation of methanol OR Give preparation of methanol by reaction between CO and H2
• Define fermentation. What are the conditions of fermentation? OR Which compound may be obtained by fermentation on industrial scale?
• Important 2nd year chemistry chapter 11 solved exercise pdf for Intermediate part-II students.
• Explain industrial preparation of ethanol from molasses.
• Explain industrial preparation of ethanol from starch. 
• Why we cannot get ethanol beyond 12 or 14% through fermentation?
• Important 2nd year chemistry chapter 11 short questions for Intermediate part-II students.
• What is rectified spirit or absolute alcohol?
• Define denaturing of alcohol OR How methylated spirit is prepared? 
• Why lower alcohols are soluble in water but higher alcohols insoluble?
• Important 2nd year chemistry chapter 11 important long questions for Intermediate part-II students.
• Why ethanol is more soluble in water than methanol?
• How can we distinguish between primary, secondary and tertiary alcohol? OR what is Lucas test? 
• Distinguish ethanol and tertiary butyl alcohol by Lucas Test.
• Important 2nd year chemistry chapter 11 long questions for Intermediate part-II students.
• Give any four uses of Methyl alcohol OR Give uses of methyl alcohol. 
• Which type of reactions is given by alcohols?
• Write two uses each of methanol and ethanol.
• Write any four uses of ethyl alcohol.
• Important 2nd year chemistry chapter 11 important short questions for Intermediate part-II students.
• When the C-O bond breaks?
• How can you distinguish between methanol and ethanol?
• Ethanol gives different products with conc.H2SO4 under different conditions. 
• Prepare Phenol from Chlorobenzene by Dow’s method. 
• Important 2nd year chemistry chapter 11 notes pdf for Intermediate part-II students.
• Explain acidic behaviour of phenol.
• Compare acidic strength of alcohol, phenol, water and carboxylic acid.
• Picric acid is a phenol which behaves like an acid. Justify.
• How phenol can be converted to benzene?
• Important 2nd year chemistry chapter 11 Important Questions for Intermediate part-II students.
• How does phenol react with bromine water?
• How does phenol react with alkali?
• How are ethers classified?
• What is Williamson’s synthesis?
• Why ethers are referred to as inert compounds?
• Important 2nd year chemistry chapter 11 solved exercise short questions for Intermediate part-II students.
• Explain chemical reactivity of ethers.
• How will you convert ethanol into isopropyl alcohol?
• How will you convert acetone into ethyl alcohol? 
• Ethyl alcohol is a liquid while methyl chloride is a gas. Why?
• Important 2nd year chemistry chapter 11 exercise short questions for Intermediate part-II students.
• Ethanol has higher boiling point than diethyl ether. Why? 
• Why water has higher boiling point than ethanol?
• How will you distinguish between an alcohol and a phenol?
• How will you distinguish between an alcohol and an ether? 
• How will you distinguish between a tertiary alcohol and a primary alcohol? 
• Important 2nd year chemistry chapter 11 exercise for Intermediate part-II students.
• How will you distinguish between 1-propanol and 2-propanol?
• INTRODUCTION: Alcohols, phenols and ethers are classes of organic compounds which are much closer to water in structure and hence considered as derivatives of water. Alcohols and phenols are much more close to one another in structure and proper ties. Both contain hydroxyl (-OH) group so they may also be termed as hydroxy derivatives of alkanes and benzene respectively. In ether both hydrogens of water are replaced by alkyl or phenyl groups.
• ALCOHOLS: They are represented by a general formula ROH where R is an alkyl group which may be CH3 —, CH3CH2 —, (CH3)2 CH — and C6H5 — CH2—, etc.
• Classification:  Alcohols are classified into monohydric and polyhydric alcohols. Monohydric alcohols contain one -OH group while polyhydric alcohols may contain two, three or more OH groups and named as dihydric or trihydric alcohols, etc.
• Monohydric alcohols are further classified into primary, secondary and tertiary alcohols. In primary alcohols, -OH functional group is attached with primary carbon atom, in secondary alcohols with secondary carbon atom and in tertiary alcohols it is attached with a tertiary carbon atom.
• Preparation of Ethers:Ethers are prepared from alcohols either directly or indirectly. Usually they are obtained by the following methods.
• Physical Properties:  Usually ethers are volatile liquids, highly inflammable with low boiling points. They are slightly soluble in water but freely soluble in organic solvents. Ether molecules do not show hydrogen bonding with one another but they show weak hydrogen bonding with water molecules due to which they are slightly soluble in water.