2nd Year Chemistry Chapter 10 Notes

• Important 2nd year chemistry chapter 10 mcqs for Intermediate part-II students.
• What are alkyl halides? Write their general formula and example of monohaloalkanes.
• What are primary and tertiary alkyl halides? Give one example of each.
• How alkyl halides can be prepared by alcohols? Give two examples. Or What are the necessary conditions to convert alcohols into alkyl halides using halogen acids and thionyl chloride?
• Important 2nd year chemistry chapter 10 notes pdf for Intermediate part-II students.
• Explain the order of reactivity of alkyl halides on the basis of bond polarity.
• What is the order of reactivity of HX with Ethene?
• How the bond dissociation energy of carbon suggests that alkyl iodides should have maximum reactivity? 
• What is Wurtz’s synthesis reaction?
• Important 2nd year chemistry chapter 10 short questions for Intermediate part-II students.
• What is the difference between molecularity and order of reaction? 
• How anti-knocking agents are prepared? 
• In tertiary alkyl halides, SN1 reaction takes place but not SN2 reaction. Why?
• Important 2nd year chemistry chapter 10 solved exercise pdf for Intermediate part-II students.
• What is the role of carbonium ion for determining SN1 or SN2 mechanism?
• What is meant by attacking nucleophile? Give examples.
• Reaction of Ethyl bromide with OH nucleophile is SN2. Why?
• Important 2nd year chemistry chapter 10 solved exercise for Intermediate part-II students.
• What is difference between Electrophile and Nucleophile? 
• What are differences between SN1 and SN2 reactions?
• Why tertiary alkyl halides follow SN1 mechanism and not SN2 mechanism? OR During SN1 reaction, what is the significance of first step?
• Important 2nd year chemistry chapter 10 important long questions for Intermediate part-II students.
• What are leaving group and substrate?
• What is the difference between Elimination and substitution reactions? 
• How do we get alkyl nitriles from Grignard’s reagent?
• Explain the structure and reactivity of Grignard’s reagent.
• Important 2nd year chemistry chapter 10 important short questions for Intermediate part-II students.
• What is the nature of C-Mg bond in R-Mg-X?
• How is carboxylic acid prepared from Grignard’sreagent?
• How Grignard reagent reacts with epoxides to form alcohol?
• How will you carry out the following conversions.
• Important 2nd year chemistry chapter 10 long questions for Intermediate part-II students.
• What products are formed when the following compounds are treated with ethyl-Mg-bromide followed by hydrolysis in the presence of an acid?
• Using ethyl bromide as a starting material how would you prepare the following compounds. Also mention the inorganic reagents involved.
• How are the alkyl halides classified?
• Important 2nd year chemistry chapter 10 exercise for Intermediate part-II students.
• Mention the factors responsible for reactivity of alkyl halides.
• Explain the factor of bond energy.
• Explain the factor of bond strength. 
• Define nucleophile, electrophile, leaving group and substrate molecule. 
• Important 2nd year chemistry chapter 10 exercise short questions for Intermediate part-II students.
• Mention types of nucleophilic substitution reactions.
• Define SN2 reaction. Give mechanism.
• Define SN1 reaction. Give mechanism.
• How Grignard reagent is prepared?
• Explain structure and reactivity of Grignard reagent.
• Important 2nd year chemistry chapter 10 Important Questions for Intermediate part-II students.
• INTRODUCTION: Halogen derivatives of alkanes are called haloalkanes. They may be mono, di, tn or poly haloalkanes depending upon the number of halogen atoms present in the molecule.
• Among these, monohaloalkanes are also called Alkyl Halides. Their general formula is R -- X, where R may be methyl, ethyl, propyl, etc. and X represents halogen atoms (F, Cl, Br, I). Mono haloalkanes or alkyl halides are further classified into primary, secondary and tertiary alkyl halides depending upon the type of carbon atom bearing the halogen atom. In a primary alkyl halide halogen atom is attached with a carbon which is further attached to one or no carbon atom e.g.,
• Secondary alkyl halides are those in which halogen atom is attached with a carbon atom which is further attached to two other carbon atoms directly, e.g., secondary carbon atom.
• In tertiary alkyl halides halogen atom is attached to a carbon which is further attached to three carbon atoms directly.
• Bond Energy:  The following table shows the bond energies of C— X bonds in alkyl halides. The strength of the bonds show that iodo compound (with the weakest bonds) would be the most reactive one while fluoro compound will be the least reactive i.e., the order of reactivity of alkyl halides should be   R— I > R— Br > R— Cl > R— F