1st Year Biology Chapter 8 Notes

• Important Multiple Choice Questions of 1st Year Biology Chapter 8 Notes Fungi of First-year Biology.
• Important Fill in the blanks of Chapter Number 8: Fungi of First-year Biology.
• Important Short Questions of Chapter Number 8: Fungi of First-year Biology.
• 1. Example of soil dwelling carnivorous fungus is: (a) Pencillium (b) Arthrobotrys (c) Pleurotus (d) Armillaria 
• 2. Most of the visible part of lichen is: (a) Roots (b) Fungi (c) Bacteria (d) Algae
• 3. The lichen which are leaf like are called: (a) Crustose (b) Fruticose (c) All of these (d) Foliose
• 4. The fungi which obtain their food from organic matter are called: (a) Parasites (b) Heterotrophs (c) Autotrophs (d) Saprotrophs
• 5. Mycorrhizae association is present in …….. % of all vascular plants. (a) 85 (b) 95 (c) 75 (d) 65 
• 6. The absorptive nutrition of fungi is aided by: (a) They form fruiting bodies (b) None of these (c) Spore formation (d) Their large surface area - volume ratio
• 7. Fungi store surplus food usually as lipid droplets or glycogen in the: (a) Stolon (b) Sporangiospore (c) Spore (d) Mycelium
• 8. Fungi obtain their food by direct absorption from the immediate environment and are thus: (a) Phototrophs (b) Holozoic (c) Ingestive heterotrophs (d) Absorptive heterotrophs
• 9. Lichens are mutualistic symbiotic associations between: (a) Fungi & vascular plants (b) Fungi & mosses (c) Fungi & bryophytes  Fungi & photoautotrophs
• 10. Most of the visible part of lichen consists of: (a) Bacteria (b) Roots (c) Fungi (d) Algae
• 11. Asexual Reproduction in yeasts occurs by: (a) Resting Spores (b) Budding (c) Fragmentation (d) Conidia
• 12. In fungi spores are produced inside the reproductive structures called: (a) Ascocarps (b) Basidia (c) Sporangia (d) Conidia
• 13. A single Mycelium may produce upto a kilometer of new Hyphae in only:  (a) Five day (b) One day (c) Fifteen days (d) Twenty days 
• 14. Conidia are non-motile , asexual spores which are cut off at the end of modified hypae called: (a) Ascus (b) Sporangiophores (c) Conidiophores (d) Basidium
• 15. A simple breaking of mycelium of some fungal hyphae is called:  (a) Karyogamy (b) Fragmentaion (c) Hererogonia (d) Hormogonium
• What are fungi? Ans: The eukaryotic organisms which have cell wall but cannot synthesize their food are called fungi. 
• What do you mean by Bio-remediation? Ans: Bioremediation means degrading or removal of environmental poisons or pollutants by the help of organisms. 
• Why is green mould more likely to contaminate an orange kept in refrigerator than the bacteria? Ans: ThesFungi can tolerate temperature extremes 5-6 0C below freezing and hence are more likely to contaminate an orange kept in a refrigerator than the bacteria. 
• What are the benefits of mycorrhizae? Ans: The fungal hyphae of mycorrhizae increase the amount of soil contact and total surface area for absorption and help in direct absorption of minerals and nutrients from the soil.
• What is the difference between dikaryotic and diploid? Ans: Fungal cells having two nuclei of different genetic make up are called dikaryotic while having two sets of chromosomes in the nucleus of a cell or hypha is called diploid condition.
• What is ergotism? Ans: Ergotism is caused by eating bread made from purple ergot-contaminated rye flour. The poisonous material in the ergot causes nervous spasm convulsion, even gangrene.