1st Year Biology Chapter 1 Notes

• Important Multiple Choice Questions of Chapter Number 1: Introduction to Biology of First-year Biology
• Important Fill in the blanks of Chapter Number 1: Introduction to Biology of First-year Biology
• Important Short Questions of Chapter Number 1: Introduction to Biology of First-year Biology
• 1. Which of the following are being used as bio – pesticides?  (a) Viruses  (b) Bacteria  (c) Algae  (d) Fungi
• 2. Pasteurization is a technique developed by: (a) Chamberlandt (b) Louis Pasteur (c) Robert Koch (d) Edward jenner
• 3. Cloning is a technique of achieving:  (a) Transgenic aims (b) Therapeutic aims (c) Hygienic aims (d) Eugenic aims 
• 4. All members of a clone are genetically identical except when a:  (a) Disease occurs (b) Hazard occurs (c) None of these (d) Mutation occurs
• 5. A large regional community primarily determined by climate is called as:  (a) Population (b) Community (c) Biosphere (d) Biome 
• 6. The muscles of stomach is of which type:  (a) Cardiac (b) Skeletal (c) Smooth (d) All of these 
• 7. Which of the following is not an attribute of population? (a) Gene frequency (b) Gene flow (c) Population density (d) Gene structure 
• 8. Arrangement of unequal dichotomies in one plane is termed as: (a) Community (b) Population (c) Biome (d) Biosphere
• 9. A group of living organisms of the same species located in the same place at the same time is:  (a) Community (b) Population (c)  Biome (d) Biosphere 
• 10. A group of similar cells that perform similar function is: (a) Organelles (b) Tissue (c) Tissue (d) Organ
• What is tissue culture technique?  A technique for manipulating fragments of animal or plant tissue or separated cells alive after their removal from the organism. The tissue fragments ar kept usually within some sort of glass vessel in a medium of the right properties.
• Write a note on cloning.  Cloning: Is a technology for achieving eugenic aims. A clone is defined as a cell or individual and all its asexually produced offspring. All members of a clone are genetically identical except when a mutation occurs. Generally no normal animal reproduced naturally by cloning. Several insects and many plants do, in some circumstance whereas few do so regularly. In 1997 scientists in Scotland succeeded in cloning a sheep. In this procedure the nucleus from a fertilize egg is removed and a nucleus from a cell of a fully developed individual is inserted in its place. The altered Zygotes is then implemented in a suitable womb where it completes its development. The new individual formed in this way is a genetically identical clone of the individual whose nucleus was used. Thus cloning could make multiple copies of a desired genotype.
• Define Vaccination.   Vaccination is the injection of vaccine to make the people immune from the intending degree of their being exposed to the virus or bacteria at the time of epidemics or in some diseases the individuals are vaccinated in their early life to make them immune to those diseases.
• What do you mean by hypothesis?  An observer organizes observations into data form and gives a statement as per experience and background knowledge of the event. This statement is the hypothesis. Or hypothesis is the statement made by a scientist on the basis of observation or available information.