11th Chemistry Chapter 8 Notes
Important Complete Computerized 11th Chemistry Chapter 8 Notes Chemical Equilibrium written by Professor Mr. Adnan Haider Suib. These notes are very helpful in the preparation of 11th Chemistry Chapter 8 Notes of First-Year Chemistry for the students of the intermediate and these are according to the paper patterns of all Punjab boards.
Summary and Contents:
Topics which are discussed in the notes are given below:
- Important Fill in the blanks with answers of Chapter Number 8: Chemical Equilibrium of First-year Chemistry Punjab Textbook Boards.
- Define State of Dynamic Equilibrium.
- difference between reversible and irreversible reactions.
- The direction of reaction is determined by KC. OR
How KC predict the direction of a reaction.
- Using Law of Mass action, how can you derive following expression for
- Give equilibrium constant KC expression for
- State law of Mass Action. Give equilibrium constant expression Kc for the following
reaction.
- Write two applications of equilibrium constant.
- Why the equilibrium constant value has its units for some of the reversible reactions
but has not units for some other reactions?
- Reversible reaction attains the position of equilibrium which is dynamic in nature
and not static. Explain it.
- The change of temperature disturbs both the equilibrium position and equilibrium
constant of a reaction. Explain with reason?
- How Kc predicts the extent of chemical reaction?
- What happen to the direction of reaction of a reversible reaction? OR
When the ratio of concentration is less than actual Kc?
- Define Kf and Kb for reversible reactions.
- Give the physical significance of Kf and Kb.
- Why do rates of forward reactions slow down when the reversible reaction
approaches the equilibrium stage?
- Derive value of KC for the reaction
- Increasing pressure increase the oxidation of SO2 to SO3. Explain why?
- What are KC and Kp and how these are related?
- State Le-Chatelier's Principle. Discuss the effect of change in pressure on equilibrium
position.
- How some reactions are effected by change in pressure?
- Why during the synthesis of NH3 temperature is kept low?
- How does the change of pressure shift the equilibrium position in the synthesis of
ammonia?
- What are optimum conditions for the synthesis of NH3? OR
What are favourable and what are condition to maximize yield of NH3?
- What will be the effect of increase of pressure and temperature on the following
reactions?
- What is the effect of temperature change on the direction of the reaction?
- What will be the effect of volume change on the following system at equilibrium
state?
- Why change of volume disturbs the equilibrium position for some of the gaseous
phase reactions but not the equilibrium constant?
- What is the effect of catalyst of equilibrium constant?
- Why catalyst does not affect the equilibrium position? OR
A catalyst does not affect the equilibrium position and Kc of a reversible reaction.
Explain.
- What is the effect of increase in temperature on the yield of the product for the
reaction?
- What will be the effect of increase of pressure on the decomposition of PCl5?
- What is the justification for the increase of ionic product of water with temperature?
- Is it true that value of Kw increases 75 times when temperature is increased from 0
°C to 100 °C?
- What is ionic product of water? OR
How does this value change by change in temperature?
- Is it true that the sum of pKa and pKb is always equal to 14 at all temperature for any
acid?
- Define pH and pOH. Give its equation.
- What will be nature of solution when (a) pH is more than 7 (b) pH is smaller than 7?
- Define pH and pOH. How are they related with pKw.
- Why aqueous solution of CH3COONa is basic in nature?
- Write down Henderson equation for acidic and basic buffers.
- What is the ionization constant of acids?
- Define acid and base by Lowry-Bronsted concept.
- Why aqueous solution of CuSO4 is acidic in nature?
- Why Aqueous Solution of NH4Cl is acidic in Nature?
- Aqueous solution of Na2CO3 is alkaline in nature, Why?
- Explain the terms buffer and buffer capacity. OR
Define buffer solutions.
- What happens to the acidic and basic properties of aqueous solutions when pH
varies from zero to 14?
- What will be the nature of solution having pH equal to 12?
- How does a buffer act? Explain with an example.
- Write two uses of buffer solution.
- Give preparation of acidic buffer solutions. OR
Justify mixture of sodium acetate and acetic acid gives us the acidic buffer.
- A mixture of NH4OH and NH4Cl gives a basic buffer. Justify the statement. OR
What is Basic Buffer, give example?
- Buffers are important in many area of chemistry
- What are buffer solutions? OR
How a basic buffer can be prepared?
- Differentiate between acidic and basic buffers.
- What is the formula to calculate the percentage ionization of weak acid?
- What are applications of buffer in daily life?
- What is common ion effect? Give an example.
- Why solid NH4Cl is added in qualitative analysis of 3rd group basic radical before
adding NH4OH?
- Define conjugate acid with an example.
- How NaCl can be purified by common ion effect? OR
Give applications of common ion effect.
- what is the effect of common ion on solubility?
- Solubility of glucose increase in water by heating. Give reason.
- Define solubility and solubility product.
- Define solubility product and write down its applications.
- Define solubility product. Derive solubility product expression for Ag2CrO4 and
PbCl4.
- N2(g) and H2(g) Combine to give NH3(g). The value of KC in this reaction at 500°C is 6.0
× 10−2 Calculate the value of KP for this reaction. (V.Imp)
Q
- When 1.00 Mole of steam and 1.00 mole of Carbon Monoxide are allowed to reach
equilibrium 33.3% of the equilibrium mixture is Hydrogen. Calculate the value of Kp. State
the units of Kp.
- Define Le. Chaterlieri's principle. Discuss effect of
Change in volume
Change in temperature on the formation of ammonia.