10th Class Physics Chapter 4 Notes Urdu Medium

Complete Notes on Chapter No.13: 10th Class Physics Chapter 4 Notes Urdu Medium written by Professor Sir Fahad Abbas Suib. These computerized notes are very helpful in the preparation of Electrostatics Class 10 Physics for students of the Physics and these are according to the paper patterns of all Punjab boards.

• Our comprehensive 10th Class Physics Chapter 4 Notes Urdu Medium will ensure you're fully prepared for your exams.
• What is Electrostatics?
• The study of electric charges that can be collected and held in one place.
• Describe simple experiments to show the production and detection of electric charge.
• Describe experiments to show electrostatic charging by induction.
• State that there are positive and negative charges.
• Describe the construction and working principle of electroscope.
• State and explain Coulomb’s law.
• Solve problems on electrostatic charges by using Coulomb’s law.
• Define electric field and electric field intensity.
• Sketch the electric field lines for an isolated +ve and –ve point charges.
• Describe the concept of electrostatic potential.
• Define the unit “volt”.
• Describe potential difference as energy transfer per unit charge.
• Describe one situation in which static electricity is dangerous and the precautions taken to ensure that static electricity is discharged safely.
• Describe that the capacitor is charge storing device.
• Define capacitance and its unit.
• Derive the formula for the effective capacitance of a number of capacitors connected in series and in parallel.
• Apply the formula for the effective capacitance of a number of capacitors connected in series and in parallel to solve related problems.
  
• In this chapter, we will describe different properties of static charges, such as electric force, electric field and electric potential etc. We will also discuss some uses and safety measures of static electricity. The study of charges at rest is called electrostatics or static electricity.
• PRODUCTION OF ELECTRIC CHARGES:
• If we run a plastic comb through our hair and then bring it near small pieces of paper, the comb attracts them. Similarly, amber when rubbed with silk, attracts the small pieces of paper. This property of attraction or repulsion between substances is due to the electric charges they acquire during rubbing. 
• We can produce electric charge by rubbing a neutral body with another neutral body. The following activities show that we can produce two types of electric charges through the process of rubbing.
• Take a plastic rod. Rub it with fur and suspend it horizontally by a silk thread. Now take another plastic rod and rub it with fur and bring near to the suspended rod. We will observe that both the rods will repel each other. It means during the rubbing both the rods were charged.
• These opposite charges are conventionally called positive charge and negative charge. During the process of rubbing negative charge is transferred from one object to another object. From these activities, we conclude that:
• Charge is a basic property of a material body due to which it attracts or repels another object.
• Friction produces two different types of charge on different materials (such as glass and plastic).
• Like charges always repel each other.
• Unlike charges always attract each other.
• Repulsion is the sure test of charge on a body.
• ELECTROSTATIC INDUCTION:
• If we bring charged plastic rod near suspended neutral aluminium rod, both rods attract each other. This attraction between the charged and uncharged rods shows as if both rods have unlike charges. But this is not true. Charged plastic rod produces displacement of positive and negative charges on the neutral aluminium rod which is the cause of attraction between them. But total charge on aluminium rod is still zero. It implies that attraction is not the sure test of charge on a body. The above activity shows a phenomenon that is called electrostatic induction as explained below.
• Hence, we define electrostatic induction as:
• "In the presence of a charged body, an insulated conductor develops positive charge at one end and negative charge at the other end. This process is called the electrostatic induction".