10th Class Biology Chapter 8 Urdu Medium

Important Full Notes on 10th Class Biology Chapter 8 Urdu Medium written by Honorable Mr. Zahid Khan Suib. These computerized notes are very helpful in the preparation of Coordination and Control as form of 10th Class Biology Chapter 17 Urdu Medium for students of the 10th class Biology and these are according to the paper patterns of all Punjab boards.

• Here are the detailed biology class 10 chapter 8 test urdu medium to help you prepare for your exams.
• Important Multiple Choice Questions ( MCQs ) with correct Answers of Chapter No. 17: Biotechnology in Biology class 10th Urdu Medium.
• Important Short Questions with Correct Answers of Chapter No. 17: Biotechnology in Biology class 10th Urdu Medium.
• Humans have been making use of biotechnology since they discovered farming. This use extended from the planting of seeds to the control of plant growth and crop production. Animal breeding is also a form of biotechnology. Cross-pollination of plants and cross-breeding of animals were major techniques in biotechnology. These techniques were used to enhance product quality and to meet specific requirements. In this chapter we will get basic knowledge about the techniques being used in biotechnology.
• Introduction Of Biotechnology: Biotechnology is defined as the use of living organisms in processes for the manufacture of useful products or for services. Although the term biotechnology is new, the discipline itself is very old. Fermentation and other such processes, which are based on the natural capabilities of organisms, are commonly considered as old biotechnology.
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• Genetic engineering i.e. the artificial synthesis, modification, removal, addition and repair of the genetic material (DNA) is considered as modern biotechnology. It is done to alter the characteristics of organisms. The work on genetic engineering started in 1944 when it was proved that DNA carries the genetic information. Scientists isolated the enzymes of DNA synthesis and then prepared DNA outside cells. In 1970s, they were able to cut and paste the DNA of organisms. In 1978, scientists prepared human insulin by inserting the insulin gene in bacteria. Human growth hormone was also synthesized in bacteria. In 1990, the Human Genome Project was launched to map all the genes in human cell. The complete map of human genome was published in 2002.
• Scope And Importance Of Biotechnology: In recent years, biotechnology is growing as a separate science. It has attracted the attention of many intellectuals from diverse fields like agriculture, medicine, microbiology and organic chemistry. The scope for biotechnology is so wide that it is difficult to recognize the limits. The following are some areas of the application of biotechnology.
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• Biotechnology in the Field of Medicine: In the field of medicine, biotechnologists synthesized insulin and interferon (antiviral proteins) from bacteria and released for sale. A large number of vaccines and antibodies; human growth hormone and other medicines have also been produced. Various enzymes are being synthesized for medicinal as well as industrial use. Gene therapy (treatment through genes) has become important in recent years. Biotechnology also proved much beneficial in forensic medicine. The study of DNA helps in the identification of criminals.
• Biotechnology in the Field of Food and Agriculture: Fermented foods (e.g. pickles, yogurt), malted foods (e.g. powdered milk: a mixture of barley, wheat flour and whole milk), various vitamins and dairy products are produced by using microorganisms. Wine and beer are produced in beverage industry. Biotechnology has also revolutionized research activities in the area of agriculture. Transgenic (organisms with modified genetic set-up) plants are being developed, in which desirable characteristics are present e.g. more yields and resistance against diseases, insects and herbicides.
• Biotechnology and Environment: Biotechnology is also being used for dealing with environmental issues, like pollution control, development of renewable sources for energy, restoration of degraded lands and biodiversity conservation. Bacterial enzymes are used to treat sewage water to purify. Microbes are being developed to be used as biopesticides, biofertilizers, biosensors etc. Such transgenic microorganisms are also used for the recovery of metals, cleaning of spilled oils and for many other purposes.