Notes for Statistics Class 11
Important Complete Notes for Statistics Class 11 written by Honorable Professor Mr. Faraz Qadir Suib. These notes are very helpful in the preparation of Notes for Statistics Class 11 for the students of the Intermediate and these are according to the paper patterns of all Punjab boards.
Summary and Contents:
Topics which are discussed in the notes are given below:
- Here are the detailed notes for statistics class 11 to help you prepare for your exams.
- Define statistics.
- Define population and sample.
- Write down characteristics of statistics.
- Define data.
- What is primary data?
- Define secondary data.
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- Sources of Primary data.
- What do you meant by the term ‘classification’?
- Write down the types of classification
- How many forms of classification?
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- Define tabulation.
- What is meant by measures of central tendency?
- Write the types of averages.
- What are two qualities of a good average?
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- Mean of 5 values is 70. Find the sum of values.
- Write any two advantages of the range
- What are the demerits of range?
- Define relative dispersion.
- What is quartile deviation?
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- Write down the merits of quartile deviation.
- Write down the demerits of quartile deviation.
- Define mean deviation
- Properties of mean deviation.
- Define price index number
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- Define index number
- Give any two uses of index numbers.
- Define base period.
- Define link relative.
- Define composite index number
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- Define price relative.
- Define un-weighted index number.
- What is meant by equally likely events?
- What is meant by exhaustive events?
- What is meant by permutation?
- Give classical definition of probability.
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- Define sample space.
- What is sample point?
- Define composite event.
- What are independent events?
- What is a random variable?
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- Define continuous and discrete random variable.
- What is distribution function of a discrete random variable X?
- Define probability density function.
- What are the properties of discrete probability distribution?
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- What is meant by mathematical expectation of a random variable?
- Enlist properties of expectations.
- Define Bernoulli trials.
- Define random experiment.
- Define Binomial Probability Distribution.
- Define binomial experiment.
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- What are the properties of binomial distribution?
- A random variable X has a binomial distribution with n = 5 and p = 0.2, find P(X = 2).
- Write down the formulas of mean, variance and standard deviation of binomial distribution.
- A random variable ‘X’ is binomially distributed when n = 15 and p = 0.4. Find mean and variance of ‘X’.
- People view Statistics in many different ways. Generally it is considered to be a subject that deals with percentages, charts, graphs, averages and tables. Some people think that Statistics is a subject consisting of rules, methods and techniques of collecting and presenting large amount of numerical information, while other people think that it is a subject of making inferences about the population on the basis of sample information.
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- The word "Statistics" which comes from the Latin word stanas, meaning a political state, originally meant information useful to the state, for example, information about the sizes of populations and armed forces. But this word has now acquired different meanings.
- In the first place, the word statistics refers to "numerical facts systematically arranged". In this sense, the word statistics is always used in the plural. We have, for instance, statistics of prices, statistics of road accidents, statistics of crimes, statistics of births, statistics of educational institutions, etc. In all these examples, the word statistics denotes a set of numerical data in the respective fields. This is the meaning the man in the street gives to the word Statistics and most people usually use the word data instead.
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- Example 1.1 In the following examples, the facts and figures usually called Statistics presented in the media almost every day are given:
- 1) Children who brush their teeth with brand XYZ toothpaste have 60% fewer countries.
- ii) The Bureau of census projects the population of Pakistan to be 170.1 million in the year 2010.
- Eight out of ten Pakistanis do not have skills.
- iv) The prevalence of diabetes is nearly 3 times as high in over weight people as compared to normal weight people.
- v) In 1980 it was estimated that 0.1% of people had tried any sort of drug, where as in 2008 it was estimated that 10% had done so.
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- In the second place, the word statistics is defined as a discipline that includes procedures and techniques used to collect, process and analyse numerical data to make inferences and to reach decisions in the face of uncertainty. It should of course be borne in mind that uncertainty does not imply ignorance but it refers to the incompleteness and the instability of data available. In this sense, the word statistics is used in the singular. As it embodies more or less all stages of the general process of learning, sometimes called scientific method, statistics is characterized as a science. Thus the word statistics used in the plural refers to a set of numerical information and in the singular, denotes the science of basing decision on numerical data. It should be noted that statistics as a subject is mathematical in character.