Class 9 Computer Chapter 4 Notes

Important MCQs and Short Questions of Class 9 Computer Chapter 4 Notes Data and Privacy in 9th Class Computer Science Urdu Medium written by Sir Saud Khan. These computerized notes are very helpful in the preparation of Class 9 Data and Privacy for Class 9 Computer Chapter 4 Notes these are according to the paper patterns of all Punjab boards.

• Here are the detailed Class 9 Computer Chapter 4 Notes to help you prepare for your exams.
• Data and Privacy Multiple Choice Questions ( MCQs ) with correct Answers and short questions
• Introduction: Computers are ubiquitous and are widely used by people of almost all ages. Often we need to give our personal information to a computer e.g. while creating an email account, shopping online, visiting a hospital or taking admission in a school. We expect that provided information will not be shared with others. Protecting data from malicious users is called data privacy or information privacy.
• Ethical Issues Related to Security: Understanding Ethical Issues Related to Data Security: The foundation of all security systems is formed on ethical principles. If, we have data of others, it is our own ethical responsibility to keep it secure. Some of the data security issues are:
• 1. Confidentiality & Privacy, 2. Fraud & Misuse, 3. Patent, 4. Copyright, 5. Trade secrets, 6. Sabotage
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• Confidentiality & Privacy:  To keep the data of others as confidential is indeed taking care of others. For example, if a bank shares the information about my banking transactions with my business competitors then it can harm my business. Similarly, phone companies are supposed to keep the invoices and bills as confidential. Keeping privacy and confidentiality has become difficult in this era of computers and Internet.
• Due to more usage of computers, a wide range of data is collected and stored. This data may be related to credit cards, organisational fund raising campaigns, opinion polls, shop at home services, driving licenses, arrest records and medical records. The potential threats to privacy include the improper use of computerized data. If a company sells email IDs and phone numbers to another company for marketing purpose, it breaches the confidentiality of data.
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• Piracy: Piracy means making illegal copies. It can be a book, software, movie, poetry, painting, house architecture or any other work protected by copyright law.
• Software piracy is the illegal copying, distribution, or usage of software. Some software companies sell software with a confidential text, called the key of that software. This key is provided to only those people who buy that software. In this way illegal copies are stopped to be installed. Some people start searching for that key by using illegal means. This is called cracking the key.
• Types of software piracy include: Softlifting: Borrowing and installing a copy of a software application from a colleague.
• Important computer science class 9 chapter 4 notes for Matriculation part-I students.
• Client-server overuse:  Installing more copies of the software than you have licenses for.
• Hard-disk loading: Installing and selling unauthorized copies of software on refurbished or new computers.
• Counterfeiting: Duplicating and selling software having copyright.
• Online piracy: Typically involves downloading illegal software. The software industry is prepared to battle against software piracy. The courts are dealing with an increasing number of lawsuits concerning the protection of software.
• Fraud & Misuse: Using computers over the Internet, some unauthorized activities can take place. Some of these include theft of money by electronic means, theft of services, and theft of valuable data. Sometimes, we receive an email asking us to click on a link to change our password. When we click on the link, a webpage opens asking us to give our username and password. If we give our username and password, actually our password is stolen by some malicious user.
• Likewise, some emails try to fool us by stating that we have won a grand prize e.g. a car or a house. They ask us to pay a small amount as transfer fee to get that prize. Actually; it is just a way to fool people and get money from them.