Handwritten notes of Class 12 Physics Chapter 16 Notes written by Professor Shahroze Saleem Suib. These notes are very helpful in the preparation of Class 12 Physics Chapter 16 Notes for the students of the intermediate and these are according to the paper patterns of all Punjab boards.
Summary and Contents:
Topics which are discussed in the notes are given below:
- Important class 12 physics chapter 5 mcqs for Intermediate part-I students.
- What is alternating current
- Instantaneous value and peak value
- Peak-to-peak value and Root mean square value
- Important chapter 5 class 12 physics notes for Intermediate part-I students.
- Phase of A.C, Phase leg, and Phase lead
- Vector representation of an alternating quantity
- AC circuits, AC through a resistor, AC through a capacitor
- Important class 12 physics chapter 5 notes pdf for Intermediate part-I students.
- AC through an inductor
- Definition of Impedance
- R-C and R-L series circuits
- Power in A.C circuits
- Series resonance circuit
- Parallel resonance circuit
- Important notes of chapter 5 physics class 12 for Intermediate part-I students.
- Three-phase AC supply
- Principle of metal detectors
- What is Choke and Electromotive Waves
- Principle of generation transmission and reception of Electro electromagnetic waves
- Modulation with its type (i) Amplitude Modulation (ii) frequency modulation
- Important class 12 physics chapter 5 numericals for Intermediate part-I students.
- A.C. Through A Capacitor: Alternating current can flow through a resistor, but it is not obvious that how it can flow through a capacitor. This can be demonstrated by the circuit. A low power bulb is connected in series with a 1 uF capacitor to supply mains through a switch. When the switch is closed, the bulb lights up showing that the current is flowing through the capacitor. Direct current cannot flow through a capacitor continuously because of the presence of an insulating medium between the plates of the capacitor.
- Important physics class 12 chapter 5 pdf for Intermediate part-I students.
- Now let us see how does A.C. flows through a capacitor. The current flows because the capacitor plates are continuously charged, discharged and charged the other way round by the alternating voltage. The basic relation between the charge q on a capacitor and the voltage V across its plates i.e. q = C V holds at every instant. If V = V0 sin ωt is the applied alternating voltage, the charge on the capacitor at any instant will be given by q = C V = CV0 sin ωt
- Important physics class 12 chapter 5 questions and answers for Intermediate part-I students.
- A.C. Through an Inductor: An inductor is usually in the form of a coil or a solenoid wound from a thick wire so that it has a large value of self inductance and has a negligible resistance. We have already seen how self-inductance opposite changes of current. So when an alternating source of voltage is applied across an inductor, it must oppose the flow of A.C. which is continuously changing.
- Important chapter 5 class 12 physics notes for Intermediate part-I students.
- Let us assume that the resistance of the coil is negligible. We can simplify the theory by considering first, the current and then finding the potential difference across the inductor which will cause this current. Suppose the current is l = l0 sin 2πft. If L is the inductance of the coil, the changing current sets up a back emf in the coil of magnitude εL = L Δl / Δt.
- Important chapter 5 physics class 12 notes for Intermediate part-I students.
- To maintain the current, the applied voltage must be equal to the back e.m.f. The applied voltage across the coil must, therefore, be equal to V = L Δl / Δt.
- Important class 12 physics chapter 5 notes pdf for Intermediate part-I students.
- Three phase A.C. Supply: We have already studied that an A.C. generator consists of a coil with a pair of slip rings. As the coil rotates an alternating voltage is generated across the slip rings. In a three phase A.C. generator, instead of one coil, there are three coils inclined at 120° to each other, each connected to its own pair of slip rings.
- Important notes of chapter 5 physics class 12 for Intermediate part-I students.
- When this combination of three coils rotate in the magnetic field, each coil generates an alternating voltage across its own pair of slip rings. Thus, three alternating voltages are generated. The phase difference between these voltages is 120°.
- Important 12 class physics chapter 5 numerical for Intermediate part-I students.
- Total Page = 62 pages
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