Class 12 Biology Chapter 26 Notes

• Important class 12 biology chapter 26 mcqs for Intermediate part-II students.
• What is the composition of air of terrestrial ecosystem?
• What is the effect of human impact on Tundra ecosystem?
• What is the effect of human impact on Desert ecosystem?
• Where the Desert ecosystem is found in Pakistan. 
• What is the range of rainfall and temperature in Temperate Deciduous Forest? OR  Discuss animal life of temperate deciduous forest.
• What are the four major requirements for life? OR Which two are limiting factors interrestrial ecosystem?
• Important class 12 biology chapter 26 short questions for Intermediate part-II students.
• What is meant by layering in a grassland ecosystem? OR Give the layering characteristics of grassland.
• What is profundal zone? Give its one character. OR What type of organisms are present in profundal zone of lake?
• Define productivity of an ecosystem.
• Differentiate between climate and weather. OR What is climate?
• Differentiate between thal and thar.
• Differentiate between Alpine and Boreal forests. 
• Differentiate between Zooplankton and Phytoplankton.
• Differentiate between Prairies and Savanna.
• Important  Ch 12 Biology Class 12 notes for Intermediate part-II students.
• Differentiate among littoral, limnetic and profundal zone. OR Characterize littoral zone of freshwater lakes. OR  What is limnetic zone mention its life.
• Describe animal life of Grassland ecosystem.
• Enlist two adaptations in plants and two in animals for a terrestrial ecosystem.  OR  Give two adaptations of terrestrial ecosystem.
• Give the name of some major ecosystems on land in Pakistan.
• Important Chapter 12 Biology Class 12 important questions and answers for Intermediate part-II students.
• Give location of Tundra ecosystem in Pakistan.
• Mention the characteristics of plant life in desert ecosystem.

• Can you differentiate between altitude and latitude?  The angular distance on a meridian(circle passing through poles) north or south of the equator, expressed in degrees and minutes is called latitude. While height in relation to equator is called altitude.
• What type of animals are present in temperate decicuous forest.  Some very common animals are Macaca mulatta (Rhesus Monkey), Solenorotos tibitanus (black bear), Felis bengalensis (leopard cat), deer, and wolves with various types of micro-organisms to convert the litter into organic matter such as bacteria, fungi and earthworm.
• What is the location of coniferous alpine and boreal forests?  In Pakistan these forest are in upper Kaghan, Dir and Chilas, Malam Jaba in Swat valley. In world they stretch across Eurasia (Europe + Asia) and North America, Canada just south of the Tundra.
• What is layering in ecosystem?  Layering is the characteristics of grassland. Tall grasses from the first layer, mid high grasses from the second layer and third layer is formed by short grasses and forbs and warfare species with mosses and lichens.
• Define productivity of an ecosystem.  Productivity can be defined as the rate of production of new biomass during the period under consideration. Productivity is generally expressed in terms of grams or kilo-calories per sq. meter or hector per sq. meter per year.
• Differentiate between weather and climate.  Weather refers to short term fluctuations in temperature, humidity, cloud cover, wind and precipitation over periods of hours or days. Climate in contrast refers to overall patterns of weather that prevail from year to year even century to century in a particular region,
• What is the location of deserts in Pakistan?  In Pakistan the desert ecosystems are found in western Punjab where it is known as Thal. In southern Punjab, areas like Fort Abbas. Bahawal Nagar, Yazman Bahawal Pur, Khan pur and Rahim yar khan also have deserts. In Sindh this desert ecosystem is called Thar.
• What types of plant life is found in tundra?  The ground is carpeted with small perennial flowers and dwarf willows no more than a few centimeters tall often with large lichen called rein deer moss.