Class 11th Physics Chapter 11 Notes

Important Easy to understand Class 11th Physics Chapter 11 Notes Heat and Thermodynamics written by Professor Mr. Asad Abbas Suib. These notes are very helpful in the preparation of class 11th physics chapter 11 important questions for students of the 11th class and these are according to the paper patterns of all Punjab Book Boards.

Summary and Contents:
Topics which are discussed in the notes are given below:
  • Very Important Multiple Choice Questions class 11th physics chapter 11 mcq with Answers of the Chapter No. 11: Heat and Thermodynamics in 1st Year Physics Punjab Book Boards.
  • Definition of Thermodynamics 
  • Definition of Temperature
  • Definition of Kinetic molecular theory of gases
  • Give four Postulates of kinetic molecular theory (KMT).
  • Important class 11th physics chapter 11 exercise questions from Punjab Textbook.
  • Definition of Pressure of gas with formula
  • Effect of pressure and temperature on average translational kinetic energy
  • State and Explain Boyle’s law
  • State and Explain Charles law
  • What is internal energy?
  • Sign conventions for work and heat: There are following conventions for work and heat
  • Important class 11th physics chapter 11 exercise from Punjab Textbook.
  • Derive an Expression for work by gas on piston:
  • State First law of thermodynamics. Describe its applications.
  • Define Specific heat of gas. Define Cp and Cv. and prove of Cp-Cv=R
  • What is Reversible process and irreversible process?
  • What is Heat engine?
  • State 2 nd law of thermodynamics. Why we have to need the 2nd law of thermodynamics.
  • Important class 11th physics chapter 11 numericals from Punjab Textbook.
  • Explain Carnot engine and Carnot cycle. Also derive the relation for efficiency.
  • What is Thermodynamic scale of temperature? What is triple point cell.
  • Write a note Petrol engine and Diesel engine?
  • What is Entropy? Write its formula and unit.
  • State 2nd law of thermodynamics in terms of entropy?
  • What Heat death of universe?
  • What is Refrigerator?
  • DESCRIBE ENVIRONMAENTAL CRISIS AS ENTROPY CRISIS
  • Why is the average velocity of the molecules in a gas zero but the average of the square of velocities is not zero?
  • Why does the pressure of a gas in a car tyre increase when it is driven through some distance?
  • A system undergoes from state P1 V1 to state P2 V2 as shown in the fig. What will be the change in internal energy?
  • Variation of volume by pressure is given in the fig. A gas is taken along the paths ABCDA, ABCA and A to A. What will be the change in internal energy?
  • Specific heat of a gas at constant pressure is greater than specific heat at constant volume. Why?
  • Give an example of a process in which no heat is transferred to or from the system but the temperature of the system changes.
  • Is it possible to convert internal energy into mechanical energy? Explain with example.
  • Is it possible to construct a heat engine that will not expel heat into the atmosphere?
  • A thermos flask containing milk as a system is shaken rapidly. Does the temperature of milk rise? 
  • What happens to the temperature of the room, when a air conditioner is left running on a table in the middle of the room?
  • Can the mechanical energy be converted completely into heat energy? If so give an example
  • Does entropy of a system increases or decreases due to friction?
  • Give an example of a natural process that involves an increase in entropy.
  • An adiabatic change is the one in which.
  • Which one of the following process is irreversible? 
  • An ideal reversible heat engine has
  • Estimate the average speed of nitrogen molecules in air under standard conditions of pressure and temperature. 
  • Show that ratio of the root mean square speeds of molecules of two different gases at a certain temperature is equal to the square root of the inverse ratio of their masses.
  • A sample of gas is compressed to one half of its initial volume at constant pressure of 1.25*10^5 Nm^-2 . During the compression, 100J of work is done on the gas. Determine the final volume of the gas.
  • A thermodynamic system undergoes a process in which its internal energy decreases by 300 J. If at the same time 120 J of work is done on the system, find the heat lost by the system.
  • A Carnot engine utilizes an ideal gas. The source temperature is 227C  and the sink temperature is 127C . Find the efficiency of the engine. Also find the heat input from the source and heat rejected to the sink when10000 J of work is done.
  • A reversible engine works between two temperatures whose difference is 100C . If it absorbs 746 J of heat from the source and rejects 546 J to the sink, calculate the temperature of the source and the sink. 
  • A mechanical engineer develops an engine, working between 327C and 27C and claims to have an efficiency of 52% . Does he claim correctly? Explain.
  • A heat engine performs 100J of work and at the same time rejects 400 J of heat energy to the cold reservoirs. What is the efficiency of the engine?
  • A Carnot engine whose low temperature reservoir is at 7C has an efficiency of 50% . It is desired to increase the efficiency to 70% . By how many degrees the temperature of the source be increased? 
  • A steam engine has a boiler that operates at 450K. The heat changes water to steam, which drives the piston. The exhaust temperature of the outside air is about 300K. What is maximum efficiency of this steam engine?
  • 336J of energy is required to melt 1 g ice at 0C . What is the change in entropy of 30 g of water at 0C as it is changed to ice at 0C by a refrigerator?

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