Important full Class 10 Pak Studies Chapter 1 Notes written by Professor Nawab Khan. These computerized questions with their answers are very helpful in the preparation of Class 10 Pak Studies Chapter 1 Notes for the students of the 10th class Urdu medium and these are according to the paper patterns of all Punjab boards.
Summary and Contents:
Topics which are discussed in the notes are given below:
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- Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto's Era 1971-1977: After the separation of East Pakistan, in December 20, 1971 General Yahya Khan handed over power to Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto, Chairman of the Pakistan People's Party. Thus began the reign of Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto. After assuming power, he started rebuilding Pakistan. At that time, the people of Pakistan was demoralized and hopeless. Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto encouraged the people and immediately took revolutionary steps for the betterment of the country. Martial law was lifted in the country on April 21, 1972. Under the Interim Constitution (1972), Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto took over the government and focused on national issues. Realizing the need and importance of the Constitution, a Constitutional Committee consisting of 25 members was formed to prepare constitution representing all the political parties.
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- Industrial Reforms: The objective of industrial reforms was to improve the working conditions of the workers and create a better industrial environment. To rebuild the country's economy, and for the revival and development of the industry, the workers were given proper and effective representation in the management of the industries. The share of workers in the profits of industries was increased. Bonus was made mandatory for employees.
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- Health facilities for workers were increased. Compensation to workers in case of injury, death or accident was increased. Group insurance and social security system were implemented. Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto adopted a strategy of nationalization of various institutions. Major industrial units, banks, insurance companies and educational institutions were nationalized. The purpose and importance of this strategy was to gain control of the country's financial matters and pass on its benefits to the common man. State Life Insurance Corporation of Pakistan was established.
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- Agricultural Reforms: Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto announced Agricultural reforms on March 1, 1972. The purpose of these reforms was to improve the agricultural system, the economic conditions of the people who are involved in agriculture sector, increase agricultural production and rebuild the country's economy. The ownership limit of agricultural land was reduced to 150 acres of canal irrigated, and 300 acres of rainfed land. Agricultural reforms redefined land ownership. Exceeding the prescribed limit, the land became the property of the state. The eviction of tenants from the land was stopped. The land acquired from the feudal lords and landlords was distributed free among the landless farmers.
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- Educational Reforms: Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto announced educational reforms in 1972. Private educational institutions were nationalized due to this the salaries of teachers and other employees working in those institutions became equal to the employees of government educational institutions. In order to provide affordable transport to the students, special discounts were given on the fare of buses and trains. This significantly increased the number of students in educational institutions. Student scholarships were increased. Many universities were established. In 1974, Allama Iqbal Open University (formerly People's Open University) was established in Islamabad, which provided opportunities for students to acquire education through distance learning. Adult education centres were also set up. Steps were taken to impart higher education. Schools and colleges were upgraded. Training institutes were opened for teachers training.
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- Health Reforms: Basic health centres were established for free treatment of the poor people and budget for education and health was increased. New medical colleges were established in the country.
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- Economic Reforms: Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto took many steps for the revival of country’s economy. These include nationalization of industries, banks, and reforms for labour etc. The reforms agenda was based on the manifesto of Pakistan People's Party. The popular slogan of party was “Roti, Kapra aur Makan (food, clothing and shelter). The direction of Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto's economic strategy was socialism. His clear slogan was, "Islam is our religion, Socialism is our economy”. A network of roads was laid across the country. Public transport sector was promoted to compete with private sector transport. Railway journey was made comfortable.