Class 10 English Chapter 12 Notes

Important Class 10 English Chapter 12 Notes by Mr. Tayyab Shahzad Suib. These computerized notes are very helpful in the preparation of the English Compulsory for students and these are according to the paper patterns of all Punjab boards.

• Here are the detailed Class 10 English Chapter 12 Notes to help you prepare for your exams.
• The alarming and incessant growth of population is causing serious economic problems in almost all continents. Great pressure is being placed on arable land, water, energy, and biological resources. As the world population grows, the food problem will become increasingly severe. The most vulnerable will be population in developing countries. The per capita availability of food grains has been declining for the past 25 years. Certainly with a quarter million people being added to the world population each day, the need for grains and all other food will reach unprecedented levels.
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• Below, World population and its growth trends are given.
• 10,000 years ago, 10 million people, By 1850, population was 1 billion, 80 more years to reach 2 billion in1930, 45 years, it doubled again (4 billion in 1975), 12 years to reach 5 billion (1987), 6 billion in 1999, By the year 2020, there will be 8 billion
• There are about quarter of a million people added to the planet per day. This exponential growth is mostly happening in the developing nations.
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• More than 99 percent of the world's food supply comes from the land, while less than 1 percent is from oceans and other aquatic habitats. The continued production of an adequate food supply is directly dependent on ample fertile land, fresh water and energy. As the human population grows, the requirements for these resources also grow. Even if these resources are never depleted, on a per capita basis they will decline significantly because they must be divided among more people. At present, fertile agricultural land is being lost at an alarming rate. The shortage of productive fertile land combined with decreasing land productivity is the major cause of current food shortages.
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• Water is another critical item for all crops. Massive amount of water is required during the growing season for cultivation. In fact, agricultural production consumes more fresh water than any other human activity. In many countries, people are facing shortage of fresh water. Competition for water resources among individuals, regions, countries and associated human activities are already occurring with the current world population. Water resources, critical for irrigation, are under great stress as populous cities, states, and countries require and withdraw more water from rivers, lakes, and aquifers every year. A major threat to maintaining future water supplies is the continuing over-use of surface and ground water resources.
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• Fossil energy is another prime resource used for food production. Nearly 80 per cent of the world's fossil energy is being used by the developed countries. The intensive farming technologies of the developed countries use massive amounts of fossil energy for fertilizers, pesticides, irrigation, and for machines as a substitute for human labour. In developing countries, fossil energy has been used primarily for fertilizers and irrigation to help maintain yields rather than to reduce human labour inputs. Because fossil energy is a finite resource, its depletion accelerates as population needs for food and services escalate. Thus, cost of fuel increases everywhere.
• Certainly improved technology will assist in more effective management and use of resources, but it cannot produce an unlimited flow of those vital natural resources that are the raw materials for sustained agricultural production. For instance, fertilizers enhance the fertility of eroded soils, but humans cannot make topsoil. Indeed, fertilizers made from finite fossil fuels are presently being used to compensate for eroded topsoil. A productive and sustainable agricultural system depends on maintaining the integrity of biodiversity.
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• Strategies for the future must be based on the conservation and careful management of land, water, energy, and biological resources needed for food production. Yet none of these measures will be sufficient to ensure adequate food supplies for future generations unless the growth in the human population is simultaneously curtailed. Several studies have confirmed that to maintain a relatively high standard of living throughout the world, the optimum world population should be less than 2 billion. Therefore, from now until an optimum population is achieved, strategies for the conservation of land, water, energy, and biological resources are to be implemented effectively. Maintaining a sound and productive environment all over the world is essential.
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• Important Questions of Population Growth and World Food Supplies
• Which areas are most affected by incessant growth in population?
• Why are the developing countries going to suffer more due to over population?
• What is the major cause of food shortages and malnutrition?
• How are water resources under great stress?
• What is the effect of depletion of fossil energy?
• What is the limitation of improved technology?
• How can sufficient food supply be made possible for the future generation?
• What strategies should be adopted for safe future?
• What does the word "depleted" mean?
• Do you also face shortage of water in your locality? Why?
• How is fossil energy a finite resource?
• What other word you can use to replace "optimum"?