Ch 8 Chemistry Class 12
Important Easy Notes of Carboynl Compounds 1: Aldehydes and Ketones Ch 8 Chemistry Class 12 written by Professor Mr. Zaheer Ikram Suib. These notes are very helpful in the preparation of Chemistry for students of the 12th class and these are according to the paper patterns of all Sindh Book Boards.
Summary and Contents:
Topics which are discussed in the notes are given below:
- Definition of carbonyl compounds
- Physical properties of Aldehyde
- Preparation of Aldehyde and Ketone: (1) Ozonolysis of Alkenes (2) Hydration of Alkyne (3) Oxidation of Alcohol (4) Friedel-Craft's Acylation of Aromatic Compounds.
- Reactions of Aldehyde and Ketones: (i) Nucleophilic addition reactions (ii) Reduction reaction (iii) Oxidation reaction.
- 1.Reduction of Hydrocarbon (a) Clemmensen Reduction (b) Wolf Kishner Reduction
- Laboratory test to distinguish between aldehydes and ketones: (i) Silver mirror test (ii) Filing test.
- Solved Multiple Choice Questions (MCQ's) of the Ch 8 Chemistry Class 12 Sindh Book Boards.
- Give reasons for the following: i. The boiling point of aldehydes and ketones is lower than alcohol. ii. Formaldehyde is highly soluble in water as compared to other aldehydes. iii. Oxidation of aldehydes is faster than ketones.
- Write the equation for the reaction of acetaldehyde with the following: i. Chromic acid (H2CrO4) ii. Lithium Aluminum hydride (LiAlH4) iii. Zinc mercury amalgam.
- How is formaldehyde prepared by ozonolysis?
- Why is formaldehyde more reactive towards Nucleophilic addition reactions compared with ketones.
- How does the oxidation of ketones differ from the oxidation of aldehydes?
- Why are either they considered as good solvents In organic reactions?
- Explain the acid -catalyzed and base -catalyzed nucleophilic addition reactions in aldehydes and ketones.
- Describe how aldehydes are distinguished from ketones by the following laboratory test. (i) Tollen's Reagents (ii) Fihling solution
- Write the equation and give the name of major product in the following chemical process.
- i. Oxidation of acetone with acidified K^2Cr^2O^7.
- ii. Reduction of acetaldehyde with NaBH^4.
- iii. Hydration of Ethyne in the presence of H2SO4/HgSO^4
- iv. Acylation of benzene in the presence of AlCl^3.
- Give four differences between aldehydes and ketones.
- Write the equation for the nucleophilic addition reaction if formaldehyde treated with i. Hydrogen cyanide ii. Primary alcohol iii. Methyl magnesium bromide iv. Ammonia
- Explain the factors that influence the reactivity of carbonyl compounds towards the nucleophilic addition reaction.