Ch 5 Chemistry Class 12 Sindh Board Notes
Important Easy Notes of Ch 5 Chemistry Class 12 Sindh Board Notes written by Professor Mr. Moeez Khan Suib. These notes are very helpful in the preparation of Chemistry for students of the 12th class and these are according to the paper patterns of all Sindh Book Boards.
Summary and Contents:
Topics which are discussed in the notes are given below:
- Types of hydrocarbons
- Aliphatic hydrocarbons
- Saturated hydrocarbons
- Aromatic Hydrocarbons
- Huckle's Rule
- Physical Properties of Alkanes
- Structure of Alkanes
- Structure of Ethane
- Reactivity of Alkanes
- Substitution Reactions with its types
- Free Radical Substitution Reactions
- Structure of Ethene
- Preparation of Alkenes
- Dehydration of Alcohol
- Dehydrohalogenation of Alkyl Halide
- Reactivity of Alkenes
- Reactions of Alkenes: (i) Hydrogenation (ii) Halogenation (iii) Hydrohalogenation.
- Markovnikov's Rule
- Hydration and Halohydration
- Ozonolysis and polymerization
- Alkynes: structure of ethyne
- Physical properties of alkyne
- Preparation of alkyne: (1) Dehydrohalogenation of Vicinal dihalides (2) Dehalogenation of tetrahalides.
- Acidity of Terminal Alkynes
- Addition reaction of Alkynes: (1) Hydrogenation (2) Halogenation (3) Hydration (4) Halogenation (5) Ozonolysis
- Definition of isomerism
- Structural isomerism: (1) Chain isomerism (2) position isomerism (3) functional group isomerism (4) metamerism.
- Definition of chain isomerism with examples.
- Definition of position isomerism with examples.
- Definition of functional group isomerism with examples.
- Definition of metamerism with example.
- Definition of a chiral centre
- Definition of optical isomers
- Stereoisomerism (Geometrical isomers)
- Benzene and its derivatives
- Molecular orbital structure of benzene
- Additional reactions of benzene: (i) addition of hydrogen (ii) addition of halogen.
- Electrophilic substitution reactions of benzene.
- (i) Generation of an electrophilic (ii) formation of Uranium ion.
- Types of electrophilic substitution reactions: (i) Nitration (ii) Sulphonation (iii) Halogenation (iv) Friedel - craft alkylation (v) Friedel-craft Acylation.
- Definition of substituent effect with example
- Differentiate between Ortho para and actors and meta directors.
- Solved Multiple Choice Questions (MCQ's) of the Ch 5 Chemistry Class 12 Sindh Board Notes.
- Give three differences between aliphatic and aromatic Hydrocarbons.
- Give the mechanism of free radical reaction between the Methane and chlorine in the presence of Sunlight.
- How can you prepare Ethene from dehydration of ethanol and Ethyne from dehydrohalogenation of ethyl chloride?
- Alkanes are generally referred as a paraffins due to their less reactivity, why are they stable towards the chemical reactions?
- Draw the orbital structure of following hydrocarbons (i) Ethane (ii) Ethylene (iii) Acetylene.
- Ethane is more reactive than Ethane but less reactive than ethyne, how can you explain this behavior?
- What is meant by isomerism? Explain four different different types of structural isomers and give one example of each.
- What is meant by isomerism? Explain four different types of structural isomers and give one example of each.
- Explain the following with suitable examples. (a) Optical isomers (b) Geometrical isomers
- Describe the molecular orbital structure of benzene.
- Give the mechanism of following Electrophilic substitution reaction of benzene. (a) Nitration (b) Acylatior (c) Chlorination
- What is meant by ortho, para and meta directing groups. Explain the influence of substituent of benzene to the incoming Electrophile.
- Why ethyne terminal hydrogen is acidic in nature? Give two reactions of ethyne to show their acidic behavior.