9th Class Biology Notes Chapter 1 Urdu Medium
Important Notes of Chapter No.1: Introduction 9th class biology notes chapter 1 urdu medium to Biology Class 9th Urdu Medium written by Honorable Sir Adnan Haider Suib. These notes are very helpful in the preparation of 9th class biology notes chapter 1 urdu medium for students of the 9th class Biology Urdu Medium and these are according to the paper patterns of all Punjab boards.
Summary and Contents:
Topics which are discussed in the notes are given below:
- Here are the detailed biology class 9 chapter 1 urdu medium to help you prepare for your exams.
- Very Important Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) of Chapter No.1 Introduction to Biology English Medium
- In ancient times, the scientific information was not classified into different branches, as it exists today. All the scientific information was included under one head i.e. ‘science’. With the passage of time scientific information increased many folds and this enormous scientific knowledge was then classified into different branches like, biology, physics, chemistry, mathematics etc.
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- Biology is the scientific study of life. The word “biology” has been derived from two Greek words; ‘bios’ meaning ‘life’ and ‘logos’ meaning ‘thought or reasoning’. In the course of biology, we will study how man has thought about living things. To understand and appreciate nature, it is essential to study the structures, functions and related aspects of living organisms. The study of living organisms also provides information and remedies to human problems regarding health, food, environment etc.
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- Divisions and Branches of Biology:
- There are three major divisions of biology which study the different aspects of the lives of the major groups of organisms.
- ZOOLOGY: This division of biology deals with the study of animals.
- BOTANY: This division of biology deals with the study of plants.
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- MICROBIOLOGY: This division of biology deals with the study of microorganisms such as bacteria etc. In order to study all the aspects of life, these divisions are further divided into different branches as defined below.
- Morphology: This branch deals with the study of form and structures of living organisms.
- Anatomy: The study of internal structures is called anatomy.
- Histology: The microscopic study of tissues is called histology.
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- Cell biology: The study of the structures and functions of cells and cell organelles is called cell biology. This branch also deals with the study of cell division. Physiology This branch deals with the study of the functions of different parts of living organisms.
- Genetics: The study of genes and their roles in inheritance is called genetics. Inheritance means the transmission of characters from one generation to the other.
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- Embryology: It is the study of the development of an embryo to new individual.
- Taxonomy: It is the study of the naming and classification of organisms into groups and subgroups.
- Palaeontology: It is the study of fossils, which are the remains of extinct organisms. Environmental biology: It deals with the study of the interactions between the organisms and their environment.
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- Socio-biology: This branch deals with the study of social behaviour of the animals that make societies.
- Parasitology: This branch deals with the study of parasites.
- Biotechnology: It deals with the practical application of living organisms to make substances for the welfare of mankind.
- Immunology: It is the study of the immune system of animals, which defends the body against invading microbes.
- Entomology: It is the study of insects.
- Pharmacology: It is the study of drugs and their effects on the systems of human body.
- Relationship of biology to other sciences: The interrelationship among different branches of science cannot be denied. Biology includes information on various aspects of living things but these information relate to the other branches of science as well. Each branch of science has relationship with all other branches. For example, when studying the process of movement in animals, the biologists have to refer to the laws of motion in physics. This forms the basis of interdisciplinary sciences.
- Biophysics: It deals with the study of the principles of physics, which are applicable to biological phenomena. For example there is a similarity between the working principles of lever in physics and limbs of animals in biology.