2nd Year Chemistry Chapter 7 Notes

• Important 2nd year chemistry chapter 7 mcqs for Intermediate part-II students.
• What is vital force theory?
• Who rejected vital force theory? OR Name the organic compound first of all prepared in the laboratory and how?
• Define organic chemistry
• Important 2nd year chemistry chapter 7 notes pdf for Intermediate part-II students.
• What is cracking?
• What is thermal cracking?
• What is catalytic cracking?
• What is steam cracking?
• Explain reforming.
• Important 2nd year chemistry chapter 7 short questions for Intermediate part-II students.
• What is octane number and how it can be improved?
• Branched hydrocarbons are better as a fuel as compared to straight chain. Explain. 
• What is meant by knocking?
• Important 2nd year chemistry chapter 7 solved exercise pdf for Intermediate part-II students.
• How does cracking and reforming differ from each other?
• What are open chain or acyclic compounds?
• What are straight chain (or non-branched) compounds? 
• Important 2nd year chemistry chapter 7 important questions for Intermediate part-II students.
• What are branched chain compounds?
• What are closed chain compounds?
• What are homocyclic or carbocyclic compounds?
• Important 2nd year chemistry chapter 7 solved exercise for Intermediate part-II students.
• What are alicyclic compounds? 
• What are aromatic compounds?
• Give structures of toluene, phenol, benzaldehyde, nitrobenzene, naphthalene, anthracene. 
• Important 2nd year chemistry chapter 7 important long questions for Intermediate part-II students.
• What are fused ring aromatic compounds?
• What are heterocyclic compounds?
• Give structures of pyridine, furan, pyrrole, thiophene. 
• Important 2nd year chemistry chapter 7 solved exercise short questions for Intermediate part-II students.
• Differentiate between homocyclic and heterocyclic compounds. 
• Define functional group. Give examples. 
• Give names of any two functional groups containing oxygen.
• Write the functional group of aldehyde and ketone. Give one example.
• Important 2nd year chemistry chapter 7 exercise short questions for Intermediate part-II students.
• Discuss structure of methane according to sp3 . 
• Define pi bond. 
• Define sp hybridization.
• Explain structure of ethyne according to hybridization.
• Important 2nd year chemistry chapter 7 exercise for Intermediate part-II students.
• Explain the types of bonds and the shapes of the following molecules using hybridization approach. 
• Define chain isomerism. 
• Define position isomerism.
• Define functional group isomerism.
• Important 2nd year chemistry chapter 7 important short questions for Intermediate part-II students.
• Write structural formulas of the two possible isomers of C4H10. 
• What is cis-trans isomerism/geometric isomerism?
• Why free rotation is not possible in case of a double bond?
• What are the important conditions of cis-trans isomerism?
• 2-Butene shows geometric isomerism but 1-Butene does not. Why?
• What is carbonization or destructive distillation of coal?
• What is importance of gasoline and gas oil?
• What are the uses of Asphalt and Kerosene?
• INTRODUCTION: More than 200 years ago, early chemists recognized organic compounds distinct from inorganic compounds because of the differences in their origin and properties. Organic compounds were considered as those obtained from living things, plants or animals, and inorganic compounds were those obtained from non-living or mineral sources.
• The early chemists never succeeded in synthesizing organic compounds and their failure led them to believe that organic compounds could be manufactured only by and within living things and these compounds could never be synthesized from inorganic materials. This theory was referred to as vital force theory. This theory was rejected by Friedrick Wohler when he obtained urea ( NH2 )2 CO, an organic compound in the urine of mammals, from ammonium cyanate, NH4 CNO, a substance of known mineral origin.
• Modern Definition of Organic Chemistry: Since the synthesis of urea from ammonium cyanate, millions of organic compounds have been prepared and analyzed. All these compounds contain carbon as an essential element. Apart from carbon, most of the organic compounds also contain hydrogen. Other elements which may also be present include oxygen, nitrogen, sulphur, etc. For historical and conventional reasons a few of the carbon compounds such as CO, CO2, carbonates, bicarbonates, etc are studied as inorganic compounds. It also has been recognized that the chemical forces in organic compounds are similar to those, which exist, in inorganic compounds. Thus it was felt that organic chemistry should be redefined. According to the modern definition, organic chemistry is that branch of chemistry which deals with the study of compounds of carbon and hydrogen ( hydrocarbons ) and their derivatives.