10th Class Biology Chapter 7 Urdu Medium

Important Full Notes on 10th Class Biology Chapter 7 Urdu Medium written by Honorable Mr. Zahid Khan Suib. These computerized notes are very helpful in the preparation of Coordination and Control as form of 10th Class Biology Chapter 16 Urdu Medium for students of the 10th class Biology and these are according to the paper patterns of all Punjab boards.

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• Important Multiple Choice Questions ( MCQs ) with correct Answers of Chapter No. 16: Man and his Environment in Biology class 10th Urdu Medium.
• Important Short Questions with Correct Answers of Chapter No. 16: Man and his Environment in Biology class 10th Urdu Medium.
• Every organism has its specific surrounding or environment with which it continuously interacts and remains fully adapted. An organism’s environment is the sum of physical (abiotic) and biological (biotic) conditions which influence that organism. The study of the interrelationship between organisms and their environment is called ecology.
• Levels Of Biological Selection: In ecology, the levels of organization range from organism to biosphere. An organism may be unicellular or multicellular. A group of the organisms of the same species inhabiting a specific geographical area (habitat) at a particular time is called a population. All the populations that live in a habitat and interact in various ways with one another are collectively called a community.
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• Living organisms cannot live isolated from the non-living part of their environment. The biotic and abiotic components of environment interact with each other to form a system. The self-sufficient unit of an environment that is formed as a result of interactions between its biotic community and the abiotic components is known as an ecosystem. A pond, a lake and a forest are examples of natural ecosystems. Ecosystems may also be artificial for example an aquarium.
• All ecosystems of the world together form the biosphere. It includes all the ecosystems of the planet Earth. In other words, the biosphere consists of all organisms present on the Earth and all regions of the Earth where they live. Biosphere ranges from the floor of oceans to the tops of the highest mountains. It is about 20 kilometres thick.
• Components of Ecosystem: We have studied in lower classes about the basic components of an ecosystem. We know that an ecosystem comprises of two basic parts i.e. abiotic components and biotic components. The abiotic components include the non-living factors present in ecosystem. The important non-living factors are light, air, water, soil and the basic elements and compounds. The biotic components comprise the living part (organisms) of the ecosystem. Biotic components are further classified as producers, consumers and decomposers.
• The producers are the autotrophs present in an ecosystem. Producers include plants, algae and photosynthetic bacteria. These organisms are able to synthesize complex organic compounds (food) from inorganic raw materials. Producers form the basis of any ecosystem. In terrestrial ecosystems, plants are the main producers. In aquatic ecosystems, the main producers are the floating photosynthetic organisms (mainly algae) called phytoplankton and shallow water rooted plants.
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• The consumers are heterotrophs. They cannot synthesize their food and so depend upon producers for food. Consumers include all animals, fungi, protozoans and many of the bacteria. The animals are the major consumers of ecosystems. They are further classified as herbivores and carnivores. Herbivores e.g. cattle, deer, rabbit, grasshopper etc. feed on plants.
• They are the primary consumers. They feed directly on plants or products of plants. Carnivores feed on other animals. Primary carnivores (secondary consumers) feed on herbivores. Fox, frog, predatory birds, many fishes and snakes etc. are primary carnivores. Secondary carnivores (tertiary consumers) feed on primary carnivores. Wolf and owl etc. are secondary carnivores. Tertiary carnivores e.g. lion, tiger etc. feed on secondary carnivores.
• Decomposers or reducers break down the complex organic compounds of dead matter (of plants and animals) into simple compounds. They secrete digestive enzymes into dead and decaying plant and animal remains to digest the organic material. After digestion, decomposers absorb the products for their own use. The remaining substances are added to environment. Many types of bacteria and fungi are the principal decomposers of biosphere.