10th Class Biology Chapter 5 Urdu Medium

Important Full Notes on 10th Class Biology Chapter 5 Urdu Medium written by Honorable Mr. Zahid Khan Suib. These computerized notes are very helpful in the preparation of Reproduction as form of 10th Class Biology Chapter 14 Urdu Medium for students of the 10th class Biology and these are according to the paper patterns of all Punjab boards.

• Here are the detailed biology class 10 chapter 5 test urdu medium to help you prepare for your exams.
• Important Multiple Choice Questions ( MCQs ) with correct Answers of Chapter No. 14: Reproduction in Biology class 10th Urdu Medium.
• Important Short Questions with Correct Answers of Chapter No. 14: Reproduction in Biology class 10th Urdu Medium.
• Reproduction: Reproduction is defined as the production of individuals of the same species i.e. the next generation of species. While it is one of the fundamental characteristics of living things, it is not an essential life process.
• Reproduction is thus essential for the continuation of species. It ensures that the genetic material of one generation is transmitted to the next. Each generation produces more offsprings for the next generation. Many individuals die due to various reasons like diseases, competition, genetic factors etc. before reaching the reproductive age. Only the fittest and the best survive can reach the reproductive age.
• This ensures that the advantageous characteristics are transmitted to the next generation. In previous classes we have learnt the two basic types of reproduction. Asexual reproduction means simple cell division that produces an exact duplicate of an organism. There are many types of asexual reproduction which we shall discuss on the following pages. Sexual reproduction involves the joining (fusion) of male and female sex cells i.e. gametes.
•  Methods Of Asexual Reproduction: Asexual reproduction does not involve the fusion of gametes. There are many types of asexual reproduction, all producing individuals that are genetically identical to each other and to the parent.
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• Binary Fission: Binary fission means “division into two”. It is the simplest and most common method of asexual reproduction. It occurs in prokaryotes (bacteria), many unicellular eukaryotes e.g. protozoa and some invertebrates. During binary fission in bacteria, the DNA is duplicated and so two copies of DNA are formed. The two copies move towards the opposite poles of cell. The cell membrane invaginates in centre and divides the cytoplasm into two. New cell wall is deposited between two cross membranes. It results in the formation of two daughter bacteria, which grow in size and divide again.
• During binary fission in unicellular eukaryotes, the nucleus of parent organism divides into two (by mitosis). It is followed by the division of cytoplasm. So two daughter cells of almost equal size are formed. Daughter cells grow in size and then divide again.
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• Some invertebrates also reproduce asexually through binary fission. During this reproduction, body is cut into two halves (fission) and the missing body parts are regenerated in both halves. This type of asexual reproduction is common in planaria and many echinoderms.
• Some unicellular organisms (e.g. Amoebae) form hard walls called cysts around them, under unfavourable conditions. When favourable conditions return, the nucleus of parent divides into many daughter nuclei by repeated divisions. This is followed by the division of cytoplasm into several parts. Each new part of cytoplasm encloses one nucleus. So a number of daughter cells are formed from a single parent at the same time. This kind of fission is known as multiple fission.
• Fragmentation: As certain worms grow to full size, they spontaneously break up into 8 or 9 pieces. Each piece (fragment) develops into a mature worm, and the process is repeated. If a planarian breaks into many pieces instead of two, it will also be called as fragmentation.
• Budding: In this type of asexual reproduction, a bud develops as a small outgrowth on parent’s body. In case of yeast (a unicellular fungus) a small bud is formed on one side of cell. The nucleus of cell divides and one of the daughter nuclei is passed into the bud. Parent cell may form more than one bud at a time. Each bud enlarges and develops the characteristics of parent organism. The bud may separate from parent body. In some cases, the buds never separate and as a result, colonies of individuals are formed.