10th Class Biology Chapter 4 Urdu Medium

Important Full Notes on 10th Class Biology Chapter 4 Urdu Medium written by Honorable Mr. Zahid Khan Suib. These computerized notes are very helpful in the preparation of Support and Movement as form of 10th Class Biology Chapter 13 Urdu Medium for students of the 10th class Biology and these are according to the paper patterns of all Punjab boards.

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• Important Multiple Choice Questions ( MCQs ) with correct Answers of Chapter No. 13: Support and Movement in Biology class 10th Urdu Medium.
• Important Short Questions with Correct Answers of Chapter No. 13: Support and Movement in Biology class 10th Urdu Medium.
• The organisms with greater sizes need support to keep their body mass as one unit. This is particularly true for the organisms that live on land. We know that movement and locomotion are characteristics of animals. “Movement” is a general term meaning the act of changing place or position by entire body or by its parts. There are two types of movements i.e. movements of body parts and locomotion. Locomotion is the movement of an animal as a whole from one place to another. In this chapter, we will study human skeletal system (skeleton) which is primarily responsible for support and movement.
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• Human Skeleton: Skeletal system or skeleton is defined as the framework of hard, articulated structures that provide physical support, attachment for skeletal muscles, and protection for the bodies of animals. Like other vertebrates, the human skeleton is on the inside of body and is called endoskeleton. In the living body, the skeleton is very much alive. Bones and cartilages are made of living cells and also have nerves and blood vessels in them. They grow and have the ability to repair themselves.
• Role of Skeletal System: The big functions of skeletal system are protection, support and movements. In our body, skeleton works very closely with the muscular system to help us move. Similarly, skeleton provides protection to many internal organs e.g. skull protects brain, vertebral column protects spinal cord and ribs protect most of our other internal organs. Vertebral column also provides the main support to our body mass.
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• Bone and Cartilage: Overall, the human skeleton is made of bony framework but in certain parts, this framework is supplemented by cartilage.
• Cartilage: Cartilage is a dense, clear blue-white firm connective tissue (but less strong than bone). The cells of cartilage are called chondrocytes. Each chondrocyte lies in a fluid space called lacuna present in the matrix of cartilage. The matrix of cartilage contain also collagen fibres. Blood vessels do not enter cartilage. There are three types of cartilage. Hyaline cartilage is strong yet flexible. It is found covering the ends of the long bones, in the nose, larynx, trachea and bronchial tubes. Elastic cartilage is similar in structure to hyaline cartilage. It is also quite strong but has elasticity due to a network of elastic fibres in addition to collagen fibres. It is found in epiglottis, pinna etc. Fibrous cartilage is very tough and less flexible due to large number of thick collagen fibres present in knitted form. It is found in intervertebral discs.
•  Bone: Bone is the hardest connective tissue in body. Bones not only move, support and protect the various parts of body but also produce red and white blood cells and store minerals. The hard outer layer of a bone is called compact bone while the interior of bone is soft and porous. It is called spongy bone. Spongy bone contains blood vessels and bone marrow. Like cartilage, the matrix of bones also contains collagen. But it also contains minerals e.g. calcium and phosphate. We know that cartilage contains a single type of cell. On the other hand, bones contain different types of cell. The mature bone cells are called osteocytes.